Formation of Syntactic Connection in Modern German Applied Constructions

Abstract

The article analyzes the problems of formation of syntactic connections in applied constructions in modern fiction. The author tried to justify the need to separate the applied phenomenon as a separate type of syntactic connection with specific structural and semantic features. Applied phenomenon is expressed by a stylistic style that allows one or another piece of information in a sentence to be activated and is a type of syntactic connection in the modern syntactic system of the German language that requires more consistent and systematic study and description.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The concept of syntactic communication is the most important and fundamental for the syntactic system of modern linguistics. In linguistics, the types of syntactic connections have not yet been fully, logically, and grammatically fully explored. Moreover, even the hierarchy of identified distinct types of this connection has been implemented differently at different levels of the syntactic system. For example, A.M. Lomov states, “first of all, the conjunction with and without the conjunction is different, and then it is divided into the compound sentence with the compound and the conjunction. In grammatical research, it is recognized that the contrast of subordinate and equal conjunctions within a simple sentence in which both conjunctive and non-conjunctive connections take place has reached the highest hierarchical peak, each of which in turn differs in a number of ways” [7, p. 311]. Consideration of all existing constructions in the language system only through the subordination of subordinate and equal connections leads to the independent view of several types of communication, the status of which is not completely clear” [7, p. 312].

II. MAIN PART

We consider V. Vinogradov’s methods as one of these types of syntactic connection, to be an applied phenomenon or an applied connection, which focuses on its specificity. According to the scientist, applied constructions are "constructions in which the sentence is often not located at the same semantic level at the same time, but an organized chain of connections is formed" [3, p. 577].

However, many researchers have previously noted the specific status of an applied phenomenon event relative to linking and tracking. The connecting elements are syntactically equal, and in the follow-up one element is subordinate to the other. In addition, not only facts, their connections and relationships are expressed in the appendix constructions, but also interpreted by the author of the speech as information about this fact and their interrelationships. More precisely, all the characteristic features of applied communication have been taken into account by L.V. Shcherba. In this connection, he writes that "both parts are present in the mind, albeit vaguely, at the beginning of the thought", and in the applied phenomenon, "the second element appears in the mind after the first or during the expression of thought" [2, p. 405; 4, p. 105].

For a long time, applied constructions were viewed only as elements of colloquial speech. In modern speech practice, applied constructions are freely used in texts of different styles, depending on the style of the authors.

Gerade im letzten Jahr ließ ihn der Gedanke nicht locker: Ich muss den Leuten auf alle Fragen antworten können. Auf Familienfragen. Auf Berufsfragen (Elgers Paul. Jungfrau Johanna. S.-423).

„Ach was, gnädige Herzogin“, antwortete sie. Habt keine Furcht, ich werde ihn Euch heil und gesund zurückbringen. Im noch besserem Zustande, als er sich jetzt befindet (Kuster Karl-Heinz. Das Gespenst von Black Rose Gastle. S.-123).

Nun war es ein Gespräch über Freiheit, die der einzelne hat oder nicht hat. Und da sind Grenzen gesetzt. Müssen gesetzt sein. Überall. Bei uns andere als drüben. (Bredel Willi. Die Söhne. S.-51).

Applied constructions not only define the concept of applied means of speech "which has the character of additional information to supplement the content of the main idea", but also clearly define the use of different punctuation marks (commas, hyphens, periods) depending on the inclusion of applied means in the sentence structure.

V.G. Admoni emphasizes that the break between the components of the applied construction occurs as if suddenly, unexpectedly, and calls the occurrence of the applied element alone a "grammatical phenomenon" [1, p. 234]. Some researchers, on the other hand, argue that applied constructions are a complex device that occurs suddenly after the main expression in colloquial language [11, p. 116; 8, p. 60-69].

In many literatures, the applied phenomenon event is not considered as a separate type of syntactic connection. The authors, who accept the applied phenomenon as a linguistic fact that has its place at the level of speech, have interpreted this phenomenon differently. A number of researchers have tried to study the applied phenomenon mainly as a concept of equal and dependent connection. For example, N.S. Valgina states that “an applied phenomenon is different from both a connection and a follow-up as a separate type of syntactic connection. The applied phenomenon remains a secondary means of communication, no matter how much connection and follow-up ” [2, p. 258], A.M. Lomov says that “this type of communication does not have a connection and a follow-up, but strengthens the regular interruptions that occur in the follow-up, as in the connection” [7, p. 270-271]. In both cases, however, no matter how specific the applied phenomenon is, there is no mention of its incompatibility with the equal and dependent connection. In general, this type of communication is described differently by T.I. Kustova and P.A. Lekant. G.I. Kustova thinks "applied phenomenon - the introduction of a part of speech as an additional meaning, a comment to the completed idea in form and content" [5, p. 132], according to P.A. Lekant, "the applied phenomenon is a part of speech that is deliberately and deliberately separated from the completed idea of form and content" [6, p. 202]. It should be noted that the part of speech that is deliberately separated from the finished idea is not an applied phenomenon, but a partition, although some authors consider these concepts to be the same: widely used and described as fragmentation”. At the same time, we consider the views of researchers who consider the phenomenon of fragmentation as a "separate stylistic method" to be more convincing [5, p. 132].

All parts of a compound sentence or a follow-up sentence belong to a single semantic system. As for the adverbs, they always express the movement of the author's thought, its variability and multiplicity. In other words, linking and following is an idea in stagnation, and an applied phenomenon is an idea in action.

Based on many studies conducted in recent years, we will examine in detail the semantics of applied phenomena and the relationship between the types of syntactic connections that interact with them. Since it is customary to look at the applied connection link as part of an equal link, i.e. as a much narrower concept, it creates a number of complexities in the link. Therefore, in this complex process und weiterhin, und selbst, und deswegen, und ausserdem, und das bedeutet adhesive binders are considered as differentiated meaningful connectors.

Based on the analysis, we come to the conclusion that an applied phenomenon and a particle are different events. An applied phenomenon is a type of syntactic connection in which a specific connecting relationship is formed, i.e., a linguistic fact, and partitioning is a method of expressing a definite idea that does not depend on the relationships that occur between its components, i.e., a speech fact. Observations of the use of applied constructions in modern mantles belonging to different styles show that they are often formed by partitioning, which “combines expansion and conciseness, definition and openness to facilitate the formation and understanding of thought” [9, p. 45].

Analysis of an applied phenomenon at the level of a simple sentence usually results in the viewer of a complex sentence being viewed as a type of complex sentence with a separate unit of determiner-separator designed to define, interpret, and compare applied constructions. I.S.Valgina “Simple speech can be combined with descriptive, explanatory and applied parts that combine the general separated tones and functions of additional information. The separation of such parts of speech is determined by their functional function - they additionally describe this or that part of a simple sentence (as are secondary parts, so are the main parts). The general function of additional information can be defined differently” [2, p. 242]. G.I. Kustova also dwells on the functional similarity of the explanatory, descriptive and applied constructions, in particular on their differences: does not require syntactic parallelism (the action continues simultaneously and uniformly), although it does not negate it; Separate-determinative constructions are formed on the basis of logical relations, separated from the plural, and the semantics of additional constructions is not limited” [5, p. 132].

As we can see, there are an incredible amount of contradictions in the interpretation of meaningful constructions that bind in many literatures. While some linguists have not considered these types of structures at all, other researchers have talked about the applied phenomenon either at the level of a simple sentence only, or only at the level of a compound sentence. The authors, who interpreted the applied constructions in both simple and compound sentences, gave completely vague and linguistically unsound definitions. In our view, an applied phenomenon is a specific type of syntactic connection that has its own characteristics, both semantically and formally, that are incompatible with both the concept of connection and the concept of following. Due to the connection, the postpositive element (following the directly connected word or part of speech) appears in the mind of the speaker during the speech, so the main part of the sentence always has a certain meaning, and the connecting component, represents expandable or descriptive information. As a means of expressing this type of syntactic connection 1) a significant decrease in tone before the connection, a "warning" pause, a special emphasis on the connecting part; 2) special conjunctive conjunctions used in the sense of conjunctions (jawohl, außerdem, etc.), or equal conjunctions (und, auch, etc.), or conjunctive words (dass, wovon, etc.); 3) a specific word order may serve. For example, in a sentence “Er ißt in der Nahe der Elbbrücke. Er kaut langsam. Weil is the beginning. Über Fanselow. Und über sich” [Flegel Walter 1976: 630] the highlighted applied construction is separated by a pause in pronunciation, the sentence structure is introduced with an und conjugation used in the sense of “to emphasize or emphasize the importance of the information expressed in the preceding conjunction of the definition (über sich) and a predicate (nachdenkt).

Given that the applied phenomenon exists as a separate type of syntactic connection, it is less accurate to consider a compound sentence with a predicative connecting part (predicative connecting part) in the context of a connected compound sentence or a compound sentence following: “1) it denies identifying similar constructions: connected conjunctions are connected on the basis of equal conjugation, the following conjunctions are connected on the basis of subordinate clauses, conjunctive compound sentences are connected by conjunctive clauses which have their own special structure and semantic properties and are not related to either clause or subordinate clause; 2) it is not possible (impossible) to ask a question from the official main part to the official subordinate part if the connecting predicative part includes rhymes or forms (was, wovon, etc.); 3) the uniformity of the semantics of the connecting (applied) components, which encourages the expression of additional information about the idea expressed in the basic part (main part), allows more free use of connecting means [10, p. 18-19].

Conclusion

Thus, the applied phenomenon (connection) is represented only by the fact of colloquial language (oral speech), using a separate (specific) stylistic method that allows you to activate this or that part (part) of the information in the thought (speech). The applied phenomenon is a type of syntactic connection (a series of equal connections and subordinate connections) in the syntactic system of modern German, which requires a more consistent and systematic study and description.

References

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Copyright

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