Performance Evaluation of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beam

Abstract

Bamboo, which is a fast-growing and ecologically friendly material for structural applications, is being considered quite appropriate. Which consist property similar to the steel so bamboo drew the attention of many researchers for use as reinforcement in concrete. Some physical and mechanical property test are conducted in the specimen of messy and manga bamboo. Moisture content test, density test, compressive test & tensile test. The tensile strength of bamboo is high and reached up to 109.9 to 118.37 mpa. This makes bamboo a pretty alternative to steel in reinforcement loading applications. In this study, it has been attempted to develop engineered bamboo structural elements for use in low-cost housing or G+1 structures.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Steel costs have risen dramatically in recent years. Steel is difficult to get in underdeveloped countries due to high pricing, and its use in the building industry is now restricted. Steel manufacture uses a lot of fossil fuels, thus the steel discharge in the construction of structures has been given, demonstrating how research institutions can drastically reduce it.  Bamboo, as one of the fastest-growing plants, has a lot of economic potential among the many options for such substitutes. Bamboo has been utilised in Asia for thousands of years to build bridges and buildings. Bamboo is easier to harvest and carry than other plants. As a result, bamboo has lower manufacturing costs than steel. As a result, even countries and locations with no advanced manufacturing technologies or construction skills are projected to be able to use bamboo. The bamboo reinforced concrete composite elements can be used as an alternative to concrete, steel, and wood used in housing and other products required in day-to-day applications.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

There are no of research paper, discussing about the possibility of bamboo as a reinforcing material. According to Arpita sethia bamboo as suitable reinforcement concrete. from stress strain curve of bamboo shows that it has a low modulus of elasticity as compared to steel. That’s why it is unable to prevent the cracks on concrete under ultimate load. But flexure test of bamboo reinforced beam it has observed using bamboo as reinforcement in concrete can increase load carrying capacity of beam.

Saurabh jayagond is studied the load carrying capacity of bamboo reinforcement concrete beam was nearly 3 times of plain concrete beam as the same dimension of the beam. The deflection of a bamboo reinforcement concrete beam is around 1.5 times that of a steel reinforcement concrete beam. Tensile strength of a bamboo is roughly 1/3 that of steel.

Zang.Et.al. (2012) calculated the elastic modulus and compressive strength of recombinant bamboo to be 37 Gpa and 129 Mpa , respectively. Patel has investigated bamboo reinforcement slab panels and found a deflection of 10mm for singly reinforce panels and 6.85mm for doubly reinforced panel of size 900mm x250mm x 75mm.

III. OBJECTIVE

A. To determine the feasibility of bamboo by collecting information on the mechanical properties and behavior of bamboo reinforced beams, to reduce the quantity of steel and make the structure economic.

B. To investigate the physical properties of the bamboo as a reinforcement.

C. Examine the deflection of bamboo reinforced concrete under load.

IV. SELECTION OF BAMBOO

There are two types of bamboo involved in this project. Which are sources from the local market at Akurdi, Pune. Those two species include Messy and Manga. These two types of species were selected and left to dry for 2 weeks.

V. PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO

A. Physical Property Of Bamboo

Bamboo is commonly compared as a wood product due to its chemical structure. bamboo is light weight, Flexible, tough. Bamboo used in various construction activity. Physical properties based on the given procedure is IS :8242-1976 and IS 6874-2008.

1. Moisture Content: Moisture content was determined using small samples with a dimension of 25*25mm, as shown in the figure. The sample was weighted. The test specimens were weighed (m1) to a precision of 0.01gm and then dried in oven for 24 hours at 103 2°C. The sample was weighed again and the weight was recorded in order to quantify the quantity of moisture content left over after being dried in the hot air-drying oven.

Calculation                  m1 - Mo

Moisture content= -----------------*100                                                                                                                                   

                                         Mo

Where,

M1 = Initial mass of test specimen in gm

Mo = Oven dry mass in gm

2. Density Test: This test is conducted as per IS 6874-2008. Pieces of bamboo size 25mmx25mm with 10mm thickness.

bamboo pieces are measured by water displacement method. then dried in oven for 24 hours at 103 2°C.                                        

       Calculation                    oven dried mass in g

     Density in kg/cm^3=       -----------------               x 10^6   

                                               Volume in cm3

B. Mechanical Properties           

Bamboo is tested for mechanical properties discussed below.

1. Compressive Strength : For compression test are conducted as per IS:6874-2008. specimens were sliced from the bottom, middle, and top regions. All specimens with free nodes were chosen for compression tests. Universal Testing Machine (UTM) compression tests were performed on the specimen for under constant load as shown in the figure.

       Calculation                         Ultimate failure load in N

       Compressive strength =       -----------------   -----------------                                                                                                                                                

                                       Area of application of load in mm^2

                      Calculation                     Ultimate failure load in N

                     Tensile strength =       -----------------   -----------------                                                                                                                                               

                                                       Area of cross section load in mm^2

VI. DESIGN OF BEAM

 Size of bamboo = 150mm x150mm x700mm

A. Process

1. All the bamboo cut down to the length of 650mm as leaving 25mm cover from both sides. Which will replace steel in place of  reinforcement.
2. Use the binding wire to bind the bamboo and the stirrups.
3. With the help of measuring tape to maintain exact center to center distance (130mm) between the two stirrups.
4. Casting the beam as use M20 grade concrete, curing 28 days. after the testing are conducted in UTM.

VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This study would not have been possible without the support of the institute Pimpri Chinchwad college of engineering and research, ravet   Pune. Author is extremely grateful to the guides Prof. Satish. A. Pitake for their time-to-time valuable insight and support in completing this study.  

Conclusion

All the experiment were carried out in a testing laboratory on universal testing machine (UTM) capacity of 1000 KN (100tonne) The tensile strength of manga and messy bamboo .flexural strength of manga and massy if compared with strength of steel bar is less than half. For the flexural strength 8 beam were casted in which 4 specimen each for messy and manga comparting each other with beam size 150mmx150mmx700mm, the result clearly showed that the average of manga is less than that of messy bamboo. Minimum strength required is 3.13 N/mm^2 which is easily achieved in all messy specimens tested above.

References

[1] ISO 22157Part 1: - bamboo – determination of physical and mechanical properties. 2004 [2] ISO 22157 part 2: - Determination of physical and mechanical properties of bamboo. Laboratory manual.2004 [3] IS 456: 2000 reinforced concrete code of practice. [4] IS 6874:2008 methods of tests for bamboo [5] llustrated Design of Reinforced concrete buildings. Author by Dr.V.L. Shaha and Dr. S.R.Karve.. [6] K.U.Muthu, N.S.Kumar and H.Ravi Kumar –“Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Columns -A critical review,” cement and concrete composite, elixir international journal 45 (2021) 8034-8038 [7] Arpit Sethi and Vijay baradiya, experimental investigation on the behavior of bamboo reinforced concrete member, ISSN:- 2319-7308. [8] Md. Shohel Rana and Shakila Zahan . Data prediction from set of sampled data using Artificial Neural Network ISSN -2277-7105.10.Mateusz Kaczmarek and Agnieszka szymanska . Application of Artificial Neural Network DOI . [9] 1515/sgem 2016-0014711.Atul Agrawal ..Damdor Maityl Neural Network-based approach to predict the deflection of plain steel reinforced and bamboo reinforced concrete beams from experimental data.

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Prof. Satish A. Pitake, Ms. Snehal Sanjay Tipale, Ms. Vijay Avinash Ware, Ms. Mayuri Mahendra Walke. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.