Prospects for the Formation of Clusters and Employment in the Production and Processing of Agricultural Raw Materials

Abstract

This article provides views and comments on the formation of clusters and employment prospects in the production and processing of agricultural raw materials.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

According to the essence of the cluster, this complex will produce industrial raw materials for textile enterprises. It is also grown on the basis of innovative technologies, mechanization, electrification, chemicalization of cotton growing processes, especially the effective use of organic fertilizers, increasing crop yields, drip irrigation. Growing cotton under the film is done by integrating with Chinese technology. This, in turn, will provide a great opportunity to create new jobs in rural areas.

According to the feasibility study, it is planned to establish a textile complex producing a large range of yarn, yarn, denim and garments.

The company consists of the following industries: spinning, dyeing, textiles, dyeing, sewing, ancillary services.

Hydroponics is a method of growing plants in a soilless artificial environment.

The main advantage of the method:

Expenditures on feed for feeding 1,000 head of cattle will be reduced by more than 1.0 billion soums.

The digestibility of the main nutrient increases by 20-30%.

Loosening of arable lands: 1 ha per hectare occupied by hydroponically grown fodder and other green fodder crops. relative to the land, 10-15 ha used for conventional farming. crop fields become vacant.

Economy: Water for irrigation - 1 ha. from 6-7 thousand cubic meters, Fertilizers - to 1 ha. and 600 kg. and 700 kg. each, YoMM - 1 ha. and 110 kg. Improving digestion of cattle, increasing the fatness and growth of calves by 10-15%, milk yield from 15 to 30%, which is 980 thousand liters per year for 1,000 head of cattle or 2.4 billion. soums. The cost of the hydroponic equipment with a capacity of 2 tons per day is 1.2 billion soums. close to UZS.

In the cotton and textile clusters of OOO “Khanteke” of Kurgantepa district of Andijan region, OOO “Digital Prime Textile” of Balikchi district, IP “Textile Namangan” of Uychi district of Namangan region, OOO “Rus Uzbekteks” of Rishtan district of Fergana region. The main goal of the project is to obtain high-yield and high-quality products using low-cost technologies by agricultural producers and organizations interested in agricultural products, to process them into finished products, export 50% according to market demand, and direct the rest to the domestic market.

It is known that the term "cluster" is a French word, which in Uzbek means "claw", "head", "link", "group", "chain", "gathering". At the present time, criticized by the head of our country, the traditional way of economic orientation is considered insufficient, it is recognized that the best way to implement the theory of "cluster" in the organization of business on the basis of innovative technologies.

Cotton - a textile cluster - a link that brings together different layers of the population. According to experts, it is recognized that the process consists of four stages.

The first stage of the agrarian sector is the production of industrial raw materials, which includes the process from preparing the land for planting to harvesting. The second stage involves the conversion of raw materials into primary processing products such as fiber, seeds, seeds. Also, the preparation of cotton stalks for the construction industry.

The third stage is significant in that it involves a deep processing process. To this end, primary products derived from raw cotton become ready-to-eat products. In particular, fiber is used to make yarn and fabrics, ready-made clothes, vegetable oil from seeds, household soap, animal feed, products for formatting. The cotton stalks are processed to make biogas for the greenhouse.

The fourth stage, then the fourth stage, is interconnected - the real chain is formed. In other words, a livestock complex will be set up at the expense of the obtained feed, and the products obtained from it can be used for meat and dairy production for the food industry, and as a result of its processing, 15 types of finished products can be put on the market.

The livestock sector provides an opportunity to directly enrich the agricultural sector - the land with natural fertilizers. In addition, the production of biogas, through which it is possible to develop another sector in the cluster - greenhouse farming.

During the project, 40.0 quintals of raw cotton will be produced in Rishtan, Kurgantepa, Uychi and Balikchi districts of the Fergana Valley. Cottonseed oil from the rest, the price of 1 kg - in the domestic market is estimated at 7-10 thousand soums. The rest is fodder for livestock.

In these districts, grain yield will increase by 70.0 quintals, millet by 50.0 quintals, vegetables by 300 quintals, rice by 35.0 quintals, fruits by 150.0 quintals, grapes by 160 quintals, livestock and poultry products by 1.5 times. There will be significant changes in the economy of farms, in which cost will decrease by 10 percent, profitability will increase by 15 percent. 30,000 people will be employed in the above districts.

In Rishtan, Kurgantepa, Uychi and Balikchi districts of the Fergana Valley, an oil refinery will be built on the territory of the cluster. That is, according to the project, a livestock complex is being built in the cluster. Nutritious fodder for livestock is also prepared in a "chain". In addition to kunjara and shulkha, it is planned to introduce hydroponic cultivation of additional food crops. It is obvious that another innovation in the field of animal husbandry will be put into practice. The organic waste generated during the production process on the livestock farm will be directed to the production of biogas, which will be a source of heating for future greenhouses. At the same time, more than 7500-8000 people will be employed in each district cluster complex. The staff consists of graduates of local vocational colleges, higher educational institutions of the republic, agronomists, mechanical engineers, hydraulic engineers, textile engineers, processing technology engineers. In addition, fruits and vegetables grown and processed in these clusters are stored in special refrigerated warehouses and delivered to the population throughout the year. Greens and vegetables grown in greenhouses are also marketed. The rest is exported to neighboring countries. Fruits and vegetables are produced and marketed from melons, watermelons, pumpkin seeds, and the rest is exported.

All this is a clear evidence of the wide-ranging changes taking place in our country. Most importantly, these reforms are significant in that they are enriched with world-class innovation.

Once the clusters are fully operational, our country will breathe new life into agriculture, industry and all sectors. The food supply in our country will be uninterrupted. All products will be cheaper, the rest will be competitive in the world market and will be exported, foreign exchange earnings will increase.

In cooperation with district and regional khokimiyats, seminars and trainings on the type of innovative projects in cluster complexes will be organized and posted on the Internet.

It is published in scientific journals, newspapers of Andijan, Namangan, Fergana regions, production of methodical developments, monographs, textbooks, publication of articles in foreign journals.

Reimbursement of project costs will be made by increasing the productivity and adding value in the districts where the cluster is being implemented, ie by spending 1% of the costs on project services.

Revenue before the project is completed is 106074000 in 2019, 176739370 in 2020, 251735680 in 2021, 331062930 in 2022, 341095140 in 2023.

After the implementation of the project, 210601620 in 2019, 350902178.1 in 2020, 499801478.4 in 2021, 657299520.9 in 2022, 677217688 in 2023.

The difference is 104527620 in 2019, 174162808.1 in 2020, 248065798.4 in 2021, 326236590.9 in 2022, 336122548 in 2023.

1% project service is 1045276.2 in 2019, 174162808.1 in 2020, 2480657,984 in 2021, 3262365,909 in 2022, 3361225.48 in 2023.

Provide scientific and practical assistance to address the shortcomings by analyzing the activities of cluster complexes annually.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2022 B.T. Yusupov. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.