Ijraset Journal For Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
Authors: Narla Sasikala, Vanam Sameer Kumar
DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63625
Certificate: View Certificate
In the context of a lack of fabric in concrete production, particularly in India where rapid infrastructure development has led to increased construction activities, the adoption of environmentally friendly practices is essential. India, renowned for its exceptional cement production worldwide, is now grappling with issues posed by the widespread Covid-19 pandemic, which is significantly disrupting the growth of the construction industry. This has led to neighbouring lockdowns and shortages in texture. The massive amounts of banana waste thrown out in India emit toxic quantities of carbon dioxide and methane gas into the atmosphere. Banana leaf ash may be produced after the bananas have been harvested. One possible use for the agriculture waste known as BANANA LEAF ASH (BLA) is to reduce the amount of cement needed to build concrete. E-GF stands for \"ELECTRONIC-GLASS FIBER,\" which might refer to a material made up of many little glass filaments. In addition to increasing the material\'s flexural, ductile, and affect properties, these strands fulfil a function similar to the strengthening steel present in traditional reinforced concrete. This Paper talks about maintain the variable frequency to makeup BLA with cement 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% & 12.5% & EGF with constant frequency of 3%. Moreover the comparison is held with proxy blends like 0%BLA+0%EGF, 2.5%BLA+3%EGF, 5%BLA+3%EGF, 7.5%BLA+3%EGF, 10%BLA+3%EGF & 12.5%BLA+3%EGF. BANANA LEAF ASH and E-GLASS FIBER together provide a sustainable and strength-enhancing solution for concrete. Seeing how cutting-edge materials may revolutionize building methods is fascinating.
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Demonstration over Switching materials in Concrete
The cement and concrete industries have pledged to achieve net carbon neutrality by 2050. During the process of manufacturing Portland cement clinker, a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are produced. These emissions are associated with the production of concrete. To reduce the carbon footprint of concrete, there are two primary methods that may be employed:
Objective: Minimize the total cement content per unit volume of concrete.
Implementation:
a. Mix Optimization: Change the concrete mix to increase the volume and minimize the concentration of cementitious ingredients and keep cool and fresh.
b. Performance-Based Design: Design concrete based on performance rather than supporting smaller cementitious components.
2. Substitution
a. Purpose: To partially or completely replace Portland cement with another material.
b. Materials: Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM): Examples include fly ash, slag, and silica fume. This paper is involved with two new materials like BANANA LEAF ASH (BLA) & E-GLASS FIBER (EGF)
c. Alternative Cementitious Materials (ACM) are a novel alternative to traditional concrete.
d. Alternative SCM (ASCM): A new resource that works with current infrastructure.
3. New Materials Criteria
a. Compatibility: Must have experience with cement distribution infrastructure and SCM.
b. Use: Perfect for processing, shipping, and batch processing.
c. Performance factors include strength, duration, and action duration.
d. Competitive pricing: inexpensive.
e. Adoption requires new materials to be competitive in price.
f. Importantly, economic viability and environmental advantages must be balanced
B. Why Banana Leaf Ash (BLA) is enrolled in concrete fill in?
Banana leaf ash has attracted attention as a sustainable option in concrete manufacturing. Let's examine why it is picked and its benefits:
C. How come the Purpose of opting the E-Glass Fibre (EGF) in Concrete?
A composite material called Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) blends the flexibility of fiberglass with the strength of concrete.
D. Parentage of BANANA LEAF ASH (BLA) & E-GLASS FIBRE (EGF) :
BLA extraction includes the following points:
EGF extraction includes the following points:
E. Procedure
The Methodology covers the fill-ins employed and mechanical characteristics done throughout this paper:
II. MATERIALS USED
A. Banana Leaf Ash (BLA)
Banana leaf ash (BLA) is an agricultural leftover derived by collecting ash from burning dry banana leaves. It is considered a pozzolanic material due to its chemical makeup, which contains large levels of silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3).
Table No 2. Physical properties of Banana Leaf Ash (BLA):
S.No |
Physical Property |
Banana Leaf Ash (BLA) |
1 |
Water absorption |
0.53 % |
2 |
Size of Particle |
Material passing through IS 90 microns |
3 |
Color |
Light Brownish |
4 |
Density |
1612 kg/m3 |
5 |
Modulus of Elasticity |
28.35 GPa |
6 |
Specific Gravity |
2.66 |
Table No 3. Physical properties of E-Glass Fibre (EGF):
S.No |
Physical Property |
E-Glass Fibre (EGF) |
1 |
Density |
2560 Kg/m3 |
2 |
Size of Particle |
12 microns |
3 |
Color |
Shiny White |
4 |
Modulus of Elasticity |
72 GPa |
5 |
Poisons Ratio |
0.26 |
6 |
Specific Gravity |
2.57 |
Table No 4. Chemical properties of Banana Leaf Ash (BLA) , E-Glass Fibre (EGF) & Cement:
S.No |
Chemical Composition |
OPC (%) |
BLA (%) |
EGF |
1 |
CaO |
40.83 |
27.45 |
20.23 |
2 |
SiO2 |
38.13 |
51.56 |
57.32 |
3 |
Al2O3 |
8.76 |
3.78 |
8.85 |
4 |
MgO |
1.55 |
1.35 |
5.11 |
5 |
SO3 |
2.25 |
1.98 |
- |
6 |
Fe2O3 |
2.67 |
5.01 |
- |
7 |
Misc |
5.81 |
8.86 |
8.49 |
C. Methodology
The Methodology describes the fill-ins used & mechanical attributes done over this paper:
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105581
3. A.J. Majumdar, R.W. Nurse Materials Science and Engineering Volume 15, Issues 2–3, August–September 1974, Pages 107-127 A novel composite material called glass fiber reinforced cement is brought to the market. It is composed of fine aggregate and cement or cement matrix, reinforced with a tiny amount of alkali-resistant glass fibers. The glass content is comparatively modest and is constrained as the glass content rises by mixing and compaction issues. There is an ideal glass content in relation to flexural strength for all mixing and placement techniques as well as mixing percentage modifications; impact strength improves steadily as glass content increases. An ingredient is needed for premixing; methylcellulose or polyethylene oxide are common choices. Press mixed formulations can be put into position via extrusion, pumping, or vibration and compaction. Mixing and placing the fiberglass stream from the spray cutter as a slurry and injecting it into the matrix at the same time is an efficient technique. The combined sprays are directed towards a suction mold, which eliminates surplus water. Properties of composites prepared by the various methods are compared. The impact strength and fire resistance of glass fibre reinforced cement are particularly good.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(74)90043-3
4. Arife Yurdakul , Emrah Dolekcekic et.al; Construction and Building Materials Volume 170, 10 May 2018, Pages 13-19 The objective of this endeavor was the use of glass fibers of the SMFMZS system in a cement structure. First, commercially available E-glass fibers were used as a standard and incorporated into the cement structure to enhance the overall mechanical properties. In this investigation, commercially available high alkali glass fibers were used in the composite structure. When using commercial fibers with a polymer coating, the mechanical properties of the cement deteriorate due to the hydrophobicity of the silane coating on the glass fiber surface.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.062
1) Finally my test results speaks about two important replacements done in cement like BLA & EGF with EGF as constant which is achieved max strength at 28 days there by keeping it as constant infused BLA in cement. 2) I achieved max compressive strength for 28 days with 3 % EGF + 97 % CEMENT as 38.46 MPa. 3) Similarly for Tensile & Flexure for 28 days what I found is with 3 % EGF + 97 % CEMENT as 4.12 MPa & 7.19 MPa. 4) After infused the cement with BLA +EGF my strength found to be increased. 5) The Max Compressive Strength I received for 28 days with 7.5% BLA + 3 % EGF like 39.78 MPa. 6) Similarly for Tensile & Flexure for 28 days what I found is with 7.5% BLA + 3 % EGF as 5.06 MPa & 8.67 MPa. 7) Comparatively I found the better results & progression in strength with BLA+EGF than EGF alone. 8) I suggest the BLA can be Replaced upto 7.5% & EGF upto 3% in Concrete. 9) The increase in compressive strength is about 3.43 % when compared with both BLA +EGF from EGF alone.
[1] Jennef C. Tavares; Luciana F.L. Lucena et.al; Construction and Building Materials Volume 346, 5 September 2022, 128467 .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128467 [2] Nusrat Jahan Mim a, Md Montaseer Meraz et.al; Journal of Building Engineering Volume 64, 1 April 2023, 105581 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105581 [3] A.J. Majumdar, R.W. Nurse Materials Science and Engineering Volume 15, Issues 2–3, August–September 1974, Pages 107-127 https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(74)90043-3 [4] Arife Yurdakul , Emrah Dolekcekic et.al; Construction and Building Materials Volume 170, 10 May 2018, Pages 13-19 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.062
Copyright © 2024 Narla Sasikala, Vanam Sameer Kumar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Paper Id : IJRASET63625
Publish Date : 2024-07-14
ISSN : 2321-9653
Publisher Name : IJRASET
DOI Link : Click Here