Resilient Architecture in Community Settlements

Authors: Ar. Monica A. D, Ar. Habilash. N, Ar. Syed Ali Fathima

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46752

Abstract

Urban regions with rapidly expanding populations are particularly susceptible to the effects of climate change. The chain continues where climate change is a major contributor to many catastrophic disasters. Natural catastrophes and calamities always have a terrible effect on human settlements and have an economic and social impact on civilizations by destroying infrastructure and building stock. To solve the problems, risk management and risk minimization are essential. The sole strategy to increase a building, facility, or community\'s ability to both prevent harm and recover from damage is resilience. The notion of the paper is to examine resilient approaches, trends and tactics that take the improvement of communities and other settlements into account. These findings may also have some policy ramifications, such as the need for better regulation of local construction, initiatives to boost the local economy, and increased public knowledge of disaster risks and preparedness.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

In contrast to "disaster," which refers to the "destruction and demolition of materials or objects," "architecture" signifies the "building" or "development" of an idea or concept that may be put into practice. Despite the fact that the words "architecture" and "disaster" seem unconnected, history reveals their ties.

Architecture is essential in establishing harmony amidst the turmoil and balancing out the devastation in the various stages of the disaster management cycle.

Through architectural interventions, it is possible to achieve this reestablishing of equilibrium and harmony, which is sustainable and coined with the term resilient architecture. Resilient Architecture is more than just applying conventional design principles; rather, its fundamental purpose is to use design to help build communities.

The idea of resilience has been interpreted in a variety of ways, including as a system's inherent ability to adapt to change and quickly return to its original functions and as a dynamic and socially innovative process by which communities build on their potential to bounce back and emerge stronger and better than before.

II. AIM

“We cannot eliminate disasters, but we can mitigate risk”

The purpose of the research is to analyze design approaches for residential communities employing resilient architecture to deal with the effects of climate change, particularly with flood and flood resistance. This might demonstrate the methods used, provide material knowledge, and ultimately lead to a better housing community solution.

III. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

"Resilience" is a field of study that sprang from ecology and, at its heart, has as its goal for architects to solve issues without causing new ones.
To comprehend how to respond to extreme weather occurrences, preserve the status quo during recovery, and reduce vulnerability.
To identify potential solutions and conduct research on their use in real-world situations.

IV. SCOPE

To increase understanding of the world's most vulnerable issues and discover potential solutions using a resilient architectural approach.
To understand the benefits and drawbacks of the already used, successful solutions and work toward improvement.

V. DISASTER MANAGEMENT – FLOOD MITIGATION AND RISK MANAGEMENT

The approach raised from the idea that the development will not sustain unless the regulations is changed into the development progress. The moderation must be multi-disciplinary, routing across the various sectors of the growth pattern. The new policies stems from the investments in moderations that are cost effective on the rehabilitation. Disaster management uses an important place in policy frame work, as habitants are the ones mostly affected by various disasters.

The steps taken by the government stems the approach that has been converted into national disaster frame work. It covers various mechanisms in the preventions of disaster through strategies warning systems, mitigations, responses human resources. The needed inputs in different Areas of interventions should be involved at different levels to be identified. Government administrations has to be developed for broad guideline. Therefore, common strategies actions to be taken by all the organisations that are involved.

A. Types

Coastal Flooding: Coastal areas faces severe storms mainly by places near the ocean.
River Flooding: common type of flooding happens when the water level crosses the needed capacity.
Flash flooding
Ground water flooding
Drain and sewer flooding

VI. CASE STUDY PROJECTS

	Project 1	Project 2	Project 3
Location	BOULDER, COLORADO	COPENHAGEN	QUEENSLAND
project	Boulder, Colorado, is prone to fires, floods and droughts. All are likely to intensify with climate change.	COPENHAGEN CLOUDBURST MANAGEMENT PLAN The objective of the Cloudburst Management Plan is to reduce the impacts of pluvial flooding due to heavy rains, which are expected to increase in frequency as a result of climate change.	Queensland is an Australian state covering the continent’s northeast, with a coastline stretching nearly 7,000km. Its offshore Great Barrier Reef, the world’s largest coral reef system, hosts thousands of marine species. The city of Cairns is a gateway to the reef and tropical Daintree Rainforest. The capital, Brisbane, is flanked by the surfing beaches of the Gold and Sunshine Coasts.
Built Infrastructure	Community paths and open space along rivers allowed rivers to overflow their banks with minimal damage. Six of the seven roads into the mountains failed because they were all next to rivers; systems are not redundant if they have the same point of failure.	Floods in 2011, and an acute awareness of climate risk, Copenhagen and the neighbouring municipality of Frederiksberg are investing heavily in protecting the city against future extreme weather. They are also on the leading edge of urban innovation with a vision of transforming their city into a sustainable, C02 neutral city by 2025. The 2011 floods were a ‘game-changer’ for Copenhagen, resulting in significant national attention, and fast implementation of new approaches, including financing.	Queensland has been subject to a number of major floods in recent times – in 2008, 2011, 2013. These impacted (often repeatedly) on a number of specific settlements, causing significant damage – including property and infrastructure damage, and loss of life.
description	Boulder has been holistically planning for floods for decades. Boulder is prone to flash flooding and has had a number of catastrophic events in the past – including the ‘Big Thompson Flood’ of 1976 and the recent 2013 floods, estimated to be a 1 in 1000 year event.	The city and its partners have since developed a comprehensive Cloudburst Management Plan based on detailed catchment modelling and planning.	Queensland has been subject to a number of major floods in recent times – in 2008, 2011, 2013. These impacted (often repeatedly) on a number of specific settlements, causing significant damage – including property and infrastructure damage, and loss of life.
concept	Boulder has progressively taken an approach expounded by White – in which the central philosophy is that cities should accommodate floods and allow the water to pass through as easily as possible, rather than trying to hold them back with dams and levees.	The approach recommends a new generation of blue-green infrastructure to enhance essential city services such as 2015 Asia Pacific Storm water Conference mobility, recreation, safety and biodiversity, creating a feasible strategy to ensure long-term resilience and economic buoyancy.	Areas with long-established residents, with strong connections within the community, and possibly prior experience of flood events, generally display greater resilience in a flood event.
Design strategies	Focus on good land-use planning and stewardship, rather than large engineered solutions. Buildings relocated from the flood plain (or above the flood plain), and rip rap, planting and cascades used to control and manage peak flows. ‘Breakaway bridges’ over major creeks. These have large hinges that allow the bridge to swing parallel to the creek and avoid the impact of major floods and associated debris. This benefits not only the conveyance capacity of the waterway, but also prevents costly damage to the bridge. Cycle paths constructed beneath bridges and within flood plains. In spring, when flows are high, most of the paths are submerged during relatively regular flood events.	A focus on overland flow, rather than bigger pipes. Overland flow designed down the centre of roads, rather than within a kerb and channel on the edges. Focus on green streets, retention and low impact (water sensitive) design. Integration of overland flow with parks, open space, streets and shared spaces. Retaining as much water as possible in the highest elevation areas Create robust and flexible drainage for the main depressions Create value for the city by blue/green solutions on the surface Added value through multi functionality: improved recreational value and biodiversity, meeting places, improved microclimate, and synergy with traffic planning, accessibility.	When re-building after the floods, many residents opted to rebuild ‘better‘ (i.e. upgrade old with more desirable) instead of rebuilding with the aim of becoming more resilient to floods. Few people understood that building a more flood resilient home may possibly increase value of those located in flood hazard zones (by, e.g., replacing carpet with tiles, raising air conditioning units and power points).
Study discussion: Climate change and continuous urbanisation contribute to an increased risk associated with flooding. Relying solely on traditional flood control measures is largely considered inadequate, as the damage can be catastrophic if flood controls fail. Approaches to improving flood-resilience are emerging and there are a vast number of case studies worldwide – which demonstrate successes and failures. What is clear however, is that a completely ‘flood-proof’ city is an impossibility. The uncertainty around our understanding of rainfall, and the consequential flooding in our evolving urban environments, means that risk will always be present. We need to accept, and ‘live with’ the water, instead of ‘fighting against’ floods through the construction barriers and defences. Admittedly, realizing these changes is an extremely long-term and difficult prospect, given our history and attachment to development in flood prone areas adjacent to rivers and coastlines. Demonstrates how safe, environment friendly, self-supportive and dynamic communities can be encouraged through understanding the culture and needs of people, and the provision of appropriate infrastructure.

Conclusion

Natural catastrophes cannot be prevented, but a change in human behaviour might lessen the impact of climate change. The purpose of the study was to examine the ideas and components of buildings with a focus on resilient building design for areas prone to flooding. It also advises architects to place greater emphasis on settlements, culture, and concepts while designing in disaster-prone locations in order to create disaster-resistant communal living spaces.

References

[1] CECI. 2003, Community Adaptation Fund (CAF) Operational Manual. Capacity Building for Adaptation to Climate Change project. [2] Université Catholique de Louvain, Ecole de Santé Publique. Brussels. Duy D, Wanner G, Meda AR, von Wirén N, Soll J, Philippar K PIC1, 2007, an ancient permease in Arabidopsis chloroplasts, mediates iron transport. [3] https://www.wbdg.org/resources/good-practices-resilience-based-arch-design [4] Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, Vol. 3, No. 2, (pp.13-21) [5] Au Morris, J., & Victoria University of Wellington, degree granting institution. (2014) [6] Jha, A., Barenstein, J., Phelps, P., Pittet, D. & Sena, S. (2010). Safer Homes, Stronger Communities: A Handbook for Reconstructing after Natural Disasters. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (The World Bank). [7] https://www.waternz.org.nz/Attachment?Action=Download&Attachment_id=638

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Ar. Monica A. D, Ar. Habilash. N, Ar. Syed Ali Fathima. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Paper Id : IJRASET46752

Publish Date : 2022-09-13

ISSN : 2321-9653

Publisher Name : IJRASET

DOI Link : Click Here