IoT Based Health Monitoring System

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive system designed for continuous monitoring of patients\' physiological parameters using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. In recent times, patient monitoring systems have gained significant traction among researchers and caregivers alike. The proposed system is adept at monitoring key physiological indicators such as pulse rate, body temperature, and heart rate from the patient\'s body. Data collected by the system is transmitted to an IoT cloud platform via a Wi-Fi module, where the patient\'s health status is securely stored. This setup allows medical professionals or authorized individuals to remotely monitor the patient\'s condition in real-time through the cloud server. The primary aim of this research is to provide efficient and effective healthcare facilities to patients, thereby enhancing overall patient care.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

In contemporary society, individuals are confronted with an array of diseases and health challenges, with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) being notably prevalent among the elderly population. CHF stands as a leading cause of hospital admissions, particularly among older adults, with prevalence rates reaching 1.3%, 1.5%, and 8.4% among the segments aged 55-64, 64-74, and 75 years or older, respectively. Healthcare facilities often grapple with the complexities of managing multiple patients simultaneously, leading to issues such as queueing, transportation delays, patient mobility constraints, and prolonged wait times for medical attention. These challenges are exacerbated during emergency situations, elevating the potential risks to patients' lives.

Continuous monitoring of critical patients around the clock is imperative for mitigating life-threatening risks. The integration of wireless technology has revolutionized healthcare services, offering substantial benefits such as improved operational efficiency and reduced costs for healthcare institutions. Wireless applications in medical science offer advantages including ease of use, decreased infection risks, and enhanced patient mobility. By leveraging wireless systems, healthcare providers can efficiently monitor multiple patients concurrently.

This paper proposes an IoT-based health monitoring system designed to execute various functions within predefined parameters of time, accuracy, and cost. This IoT-based system is characterized by its affordability and remote operability. The system employs sensors to detect the biological parameters of patients, with the integration of Arduino enhancing the effectiveness of the patient monitoring system.

II. Literature Review

In the medical field, IoT-based systems have garnered significant attention, driving extensive research efforts. Various studies have focused on developing IoT-based medical devices to address healthcare needs efficiently. For example, a patient monitoring system introduced by [3] aims to collect data for clinical research and academic studies, facilitating faster preventive care, cost reduction, and patient-centred practices. Similarly, [4] implemented a system utilizing an Arduino processor to monitor vital body parameters like pulse rate, providing real-time data visualization and issuing notifications for abnormal readings. Additionally, [5] devised an electronic device using wireless sensor technology to monitor the health of elderly individuals at home, ensuring continuous surveillance and timely intervention. Moreover, [6] established a remote healthcare system for monitoring patients' health conditions using medical-grade instruments, facilitating remote monitoring and prompt medical intervention.

III. METHODOLOGY

The methodology employed in this study involved the utilization of two sensors: a pulse rate sensor and a body temperature sensor (DS18B20). These sensors transmit their signals to a microcontroller, with the Arduino UNO serving as the primary infrastructure, connected via a Wi-Fi module (ESP8266).

A. System Architecture

This article outlines the selection criteria for sensors, emphasizing their essential nature, ease of use, and efficacy.

The study focuses on two fundamental sensors utilized for monitoring vital signs, including pulse rate and body temperature, with data collection conducted within a hospital environment.

Figure 13 illustrates the patient's body temperature fluctuations during rest and post-exercise. During rest, shown on the left side, body temperature was approximately 31 degrees Celsius. Post-exercise, there was a noticeable rise in temperature of approximately 5 degrees Celsius, as evidenced in the figure.

VIII. RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

The healthcare sector continues to advance through technological innovations, with researchers continually striving to enhance medical devices. In future development, the integration of additional sensors, such as respiratory, blood pressure, and glucose sensors, could enable the measurement of a broader range of parameters from the patient's body. Additionally, the inclusion of GSM technology could facilitate real-time communication of the patient's condition to their caregivers. By incorporating these sensors, the device could evolve into a comprehensive health monitoring system, offering a complete solution for patient care.

IX. LIMITATION

This IoT-based Emergency Health Monitoring System is subject to several limitations, including accuracy, sensor quantity, and cost-effectiveness. Analysing a patient's health status based solely on three parameters presents complexities, highlighting the need for additional sensors. However, high-quality sensors come at a premium cost, impacting the system's affordability. Moreover, sensor accuracy significantly influences project outcomes, as different sensors and measurement methods yield varying results. To address accuracy concerns, the implementation of precision sensors and rigorous quality standards is imperative. Additionally, exploring diverse measurement methods and conducting comparative analyses can identify the most accurate approach for product integration.

Conclusion

This paper presents a prototype model aimed at establishing an uninterrupted health monitoring system for patients via a wireless body area network. The primary objective was to enable healthcare professionals to remotely monitor, advise, and diagnose patients and family members prior to emergency situations. Data generated by the system is stored and accessible online, allowing for remote monitoring by professionals and family members at any time. An Android application facilitates patient monitoring, while sensors were individually calibrated before project commencement. Signal analysis involved comprehensive data collection and matching against experimental signals. The final results were transmitted to the cloud through Arduino, with users receiving outputs via messages. The system demonstrates potential for real-life application, offering user-friendly and cost-effective healthcare solutions.

References

[1] Abdo, M. A. B., \"Structural Health Monitoring, History, Applications and Future. A Review Book,\" January 2014. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266854280_Structural_Health_Monitoring_History_Applications_and_Future_A_Review_Book [2] Kaur, A., Jasuja, A., \"Health Monitoring Based on IoT using RASPBERRY PI,\" International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA2017), IEEE, ISBN:978-1-5090-6471-7/17/. [3] Hossain, M. S., Muhammad, G., \"Cloud-assisted Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) – Enabled framework for health monitoring.\" [4] Patel, S., \"A review of wearable sensors and systems with application in rehabilitation,\" Journal of Neuro Engineering and Rehabilitation, Northeastern University. [5] Islam, S. M. R., \"The Internet of Things for Health Care: A Comprehensive Survey,\" UWB Wireless Communications Research Center, Inha University, Incheon, Korea. [6] GELOGO, E., PARK, J. W., \"Internet of Things (IoT) Driven U-health care System Architecture,\" CATHOLIC UNIV. OF DAEGU, DAEGU, SOUTH KOREA. [7] Kale, S., Khandelwal, C. S., \"Design and implementation of real time embedded tele-health monitoring system,\" International Conference on Circuits, Power and Computing Technologies, 2013. [8] Tripathi, V., Shakeel, F., \"Monitoring Health Care System Using Internet of Things - An Immaculate Pairing,\" 2017 International Conference on Next Generation Computing and Information Systems (ICNGCIS), Jammu. [9] Hamim, M., Paul, S., Hoque, S. I., Rahman, M. N., Baqee, I., \"IoT Based Remote Health Monitoring System for Patients and Elderly People,\" 2019 International Conference on Robotics, Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST), Dhaka, Bangladesh. [10] Catarinucci, L., de Donno, D., Mainetti, L., Palano, L., Patrono, L., Stefanizzi, M. L., Tarricone, L., \"An IoT-Aware Architecture for Smart Healthcare Systems,\" IEEE JOURNAL, Dec 2015.

Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Deepak Saini, Neeraj Garg, Navya Sharma, Mandeep Hingonia, Mahi Jain. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.