A Literature Review of Maintenance Practices in SMEs

Abstract

Purpose- Aim of the research is to study the relevant available literature related to different maintenance system of the SMEs. Main objective of this paper is to review all types of maintenance models on different maintenance systems and associated case studies for SMEs and propose possible gaps from the point of view of practitioners and researchers. Design/methodology/approach – In the process different approaches and models considered to check and also identified the gaps with proper classification. Various publications of database of published papers in last 20 years, was utilized for the purpose of this research. Findings –Paper revealed the different kind of maintenance system adaptations given by different researchers world-wide. Purpose of literature review not only related to compare the available maintenance models of SMEs but also define various gaps and barriers presented in SMEs. Paper makes a pathway for development of maintenance framework for SMEs. Practical implications – The Literature review indicates a very limited literature is available on this field. The Final derive indicates the necessity of maintenance system of SMEs in current scenario. In this context a maintenance model is proposed by author. Paper classifies different types of maintenance system uses for in SMs also helpful for future studies. Originality/value – This Paper categorized the different types of maintenance work and case studies available on previous literature. It gives useful analysis for maintenance in SMEs and understands its worth.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

In modern manufacturing Maintenance is very important in all organization. According to Baglee., D., (2008) maintenance is an important element in quality assurance, which is another support for the successful competitive edge. Previously maintenance defined as “About preservation of physical resources” and now days “Maintenance is about preservation of working of resources”. Bamber, C., J. (1999) describes in 21 century Maintenance is an ‘art’, a ‘philosophy’ and a ‘science’. It is an Art means maintain the regularly varying demand of the Market. Nakajima (1988) attempts to summarize the Philosophy means to mix the strategies that ensure an item works as expected when needed. It is science means utilizes instantaneous and important data when fed to calculations, can model leading to failure across all systems. According to Pophaley, M. (2009) maintenance is a function of all the activities, approaches, interpretations and knowing and Un-knowing facts and methodologies to preserving the functions of assets.

Waeyenbergh, G.(2001) given the word Maintenance is generally an action, which is related with repairing of tools, equipments and machines at certain intervals, to extend their tool life during operation performed. Wireman (1991) suggests that maintenance influences all elements of business efficiency and risk- protection, energy efficient, quality of products, safety of environment and consumer services etc., not merely cost and availability of plant simply. Good maintenance system is also important for company explain by Ma´rquez, A.,C. (2009). It is not only increases the quality of   the product but also helps to maintain the cost control of company.

In modern manufacturing Sharma, A., (2011) given the function of maintenance becomes more important, so now a days it is considered as a “profit generation tool” in place of ``necessary evil''. These results, traditional approach used to describe maintenance appear to be outdated. It would arise that the objective of the maintenance function is to participate towards an enterprises profit, also shows definitely matching requirement for maintenance activities to be in agreement with enterprises business goals. Due to Worldwide competitiveness forces, Singh, J. et al. (2010) shows SMEs to improve their effectiveness by increase their manufacturing performance.

Hence, attention should be given by them to the trustworthiness of their process for production as well as their promises of excellence management exercises. Alsyouf, I. (2006) explain in current scenario the important elements of SME are on the basis of automatic machining, specious availability of plants, improved quality products and better tool life.

In order to achieve the above mentioned problems, practices and adoptions of preventive maintenance policies has become essential for organizations to bring down maintenance and production costs. Macchi, M., et al. (2014) explains the requirement of maintenance in production industries has been increased in the previous years. By Kulkarni, A. (2013) it considered the impact on the sustained improvements of availability of tools, quality products and cost of production the growing problem that marginal profit and production rates could be increased when maintenance potential is take advantage.

According to Cambridge University the meaning of “Practices” are “The act of doing something regularly or repeatedly to improve your skill at doing it”, it means the traditional, habitual, or expected procedure or way of doing of something so we can say that, Simoes, J.(2011) describes

maintenance practices are basically the Maintenance activities which are essential to run the enterprises efficiently, profitably, continuously for optimum period of time.

Bamber, C., J. (1999) suggests that there is several maintenance practices which are being followed. These include routine or Wan, L. et al., (2017) reactive maintenance, preventive maintenance, predictive maintenance and reliability centered maintenance etc.

Maintenance strategies can be defined by Alsyouf, I., (2006) as a decision-making rule which provides a series of measures to be implemented with regard to the operation state of the considered system. Hadjiski, M. (2014) shows advantages of optimization in maintenance strategy includes extending tool life, decreasing failures, stop timing, minimize repairing costs, enhancing safety and health.

The role of maintenance in the industrial environment changed a lot in recent years, and today, it is a key function for long-term profitability in an organization.

Many contributions were recently written by researchers on this topic. A lot of models were proposed to optimize maintenance activities while ensuring availability and high-quality requirements. These models use different approaches and techniques to simplify the process of maintenance as well as to make are cost effective.

Maintenance model is a presentation of an idea, an object or even a process or a system that is used to characterize and define phenomena that cannot be experienced directly. Models are central to what scientists do, both in their research as well as when communicating their explanations. Models are presented concerning the organization of the maintenance process of a quality system.

II. DEFINITION OF SMES

Globally, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has been recognized by Hussain, I., et al. (2011) as the prime mover of economical advancement, especially in the developing economies like India, and for promoting sustainable development their participation as an integral element to country’s foundation is higher comparatively.

 In our Country there was no official definition of SMEs till 1950. Lahiri, R.( 2012) put some lights on Fiscal commission, New Delhi, for the first time defined a small-scale industry (SSI) as, one which is operated mainly with hired labor usually 5 to 25 workers.

During that time word used to defined small business was Small Scale Industry (SSI) as the concept of small business was mainly confined to manufacturing sector (www.msme.gov.in, Annual Report 2018-2019).

In year 1951 the central government of the country defines the SSI. The division of the SSI based on no of workers, cost and quality, nature of work, cost etc. In the SSI the government of india set up the central small-scale industries organization and the small-scale industries board (SSIB) in 1954-55. Initially the categorization of the small scale industries based on investment in gross value of fixed assets which is the actual value of machines in the plant. Ancillary’s industries concept was introduced first time in 1960. In 1977 it will become concept of tiny industries. In the year 1985 first time the tiny industries known as (small and medium size enterprises) SMEs.

Extendedly in year 2006 the micro, small and medium enterprises development (MSMED) act was notified. This act has key provision for development of a national board for Micro, Small and Medium enterprises. Act permits the initial legal environment for recognition of “enterprise” concept of which includes both manufacturing and service subjects.

It defines medium enterprises on the first occasion and designed to integrate the 3 tiers of these enterprises, namely, Micro, Small and Medium

The act are classifies the MSMEs into two categories. Jain, M., K., Gandhi, S,K.(2016).

1. Manufacturing Enterprises: Manufacturing enterprises means to convert raw material into finished goods in term of value addition in it. The enterprises involved in the manufacturing or production of goods related to any industry described in the first schedule to the industries (Development and regulation) Act, 1951.
2. Service Enterprises: ( Lahiri, R.,2012) explains the enterprises which involved in providing or rendering of services   are defined as amount of investment in equipment.

The Definitions of SMEs may vary from country to country. Classification of SMEs is different for different kind of countries. Some country like India, it is based on investment on plants and machineries but other countries like Canada and Europe it is based on number of person’s required or annual turnover which is applicable. According to Kaur, M. (2010) the SMEs sector plays a essential role in the growth of the country. It contributes almost 40% of the gross industrial value added in the Indian economy and 50% of total manufacturing exports.

Rao, N.,J.(2007) shows pictorial view that small and medium enterprises are the leading factors for the economic growth of a country. SMEs have contributed significantly to the Industrial and economic growth of India and have also been the prime-mover of the Industrial growth in world.

According to Mohanti., J., (2018) the definition criteria of SMEs in few countries are based on:

• Money Invested on Plant and Machineries.
• Number of Employees.
• Annual Turnover

Doshi, J. et al. (2013) explain that SMEs not only the back bone of the industrialization of a country but also provides the essential supply chain to the large industries. SMEs have a important role in the Indian manufacturing sector and have become engine of economic growth. Majumdar, J.,P., et al. (2019) highlight  the contribution of SMEs in present scenario in terms of output, exports and employment. In production enterprises, SMEs act as expertise vendors of components, parts and sub-assemblies to larger enterprises because these items can be produced at a cheaper price compared to the price large companies must pay for in-house production of the same components. Approximate 42.5 million units are growing all over the country producing about 8000 items, from different variety of products i.e. simple to highly advanced products. The SMEs sectors are the biggest employment-providing sectors after agriculture, approx. providing employment to 106 million people.

Due to lower transportation costs, lower labour costs and easy workforce policies, SMEs utilized as major outsourcing tool. Singh, R., K., et al. (2010) shows the advantages in labour-intense manufacturing enterprises, normally production cost will lower as compare to running cost of production because workforce will complete mostly tasks. Firms can benefit from by utilizing low-cost labour as the job will likely be low skilled. Manjit (2013) also calculated that total number of about 90% of industrial units in India and 49% of value addition in the manufacturing sector. SMES has been one of the major infrastructures of Indian economic development strategy since Independence.

The SMEs has played a very important part in the social and economical progress of the country throughout the past five decades. It has significant contribution to the overall growth in terms of the gross domestic product (GDP), employment generation and exports.

The performance of the small scale sector therefore has a direct impact on the growth of the overall economy. The study has been carried out to measure the performance of SMEs in India for the period 2000-01 to 2017-18 based on various important performance variables like total working SMEs, employment generation, and market value of fixed assets, gross output and share of SMEs sector in total GDP trends over 18 years.

A. Complete Table for Total SMEs, Employment, GDP Contribution, Assets etc.

Research findings concluded that the success of SMEs has a direct impact on the economic development of the country, both in the case of developed countries and developing countries (Majumdar, 2016).

They have the ability to generate employment with minimum cost; they are pioneer in innovation realm and have high flexibility which allows them to meet the needs and expectations of the customers (Demirbag et al., 2006).

B. Types of Maintenance used in SME’s

According to Ahuja, I. P. S. (2008) Maintenance is usually classified into the following types:

Planned Maintenance – This is a systematic class of maintenance by Hashim, S. (2012) in which work performed as per recorded processes having control.

To avoid failures, the maintenance assignments are preplanned considering “when used and which type of the maintenance works” and “whoever would handle the maintenance work”.

Alexis,O. (2012) to fulfill the standard of the planned maintenance, “Work Study” has to be performed to take a decision the processing time of maintenance and performing the “Time Study” may also be helpful and suggestive for developing economical maintenance schedules for the equipments.

Predictive maintenance – Maintenance referred by Sezer, E., et al. (2018) ,Sharma, R.,K. (2013) as a process used for prediction of future breakdown, in tools, equipments or machine component so that the component can be replaced, based on a range, just before it fails. This is best suited method for maximized component lifetime and minimizes equipment downtime.

Preventive maintenance – This maintenance refers by Pattanawasanporn, P. (2014) as systematic, scheduled maintenance which helps to keep all equipments up and running condition to preventing them with unwanted equipment failure and reduced unplanned downtime, expensive costs etc. The checking and reconditioning of tools on regular, planned based.

Corrective maintenance – Robson, K., et al.(2013) shows this maintenance refers as unscheduled maintenance implemented to determine and repair a fault for restoring faulty system, machines and equipment. It can be restored the correct working circumstances within the margins of tolerance created during operation of services.

Running Maintenance – This maintenance referred by Robson, K., et al.(2012) as a part of planned maintenance. Running maintenance is performed by operator; it is done on a regular basis to keep the machine functioning efficiently and safely. Machine cleaning, lubrication, tool changing etc. are some example of running maintenance.

Schedule Maintenance – Attri, R., et al. (2013) referred scheduled maintenance is a part of preventive maintenance. It includes examinations, corrections, scheduled services, and planned shutdowns. It can either be a repeated work done at recurring intervals or a one-time task.

The main goals of scheduled maintenance are to decrease responsive time of maintenance, equipment breakdown, and maintenance delayed.

Shutdown Maintenance – Netto., R., J., k., et al. (2016) refers this maintenance as a part of preventive maintenance. This maintenance only be performed while machinery is not in use. To shut down equipment could be costly, but in some cases due to the nature of the affected part /machineries, shutdown maintenance is the only feasible maintenance process. Technical staff will repair it to prevent a complete shutdown.

Breakdown Maintenance – Robson, K., et al. (2013) propose this maintenance refers as a part of corrective maintenance. In such maintenance repair is done after failure has already occurred.

It may be either planned or unplanned maintenance. The objective of breakdown maintenance is to repair something that has dysfunction.

Baglee., D., (2008) explains the reactive / emergency maintenance almost happen without warning, so emergency maintenance cannot be scheduled, but every maintenance program should include plans for dealing with emergencies when they do occur. It is essential when a sudden failure takes place.

Unplanned Maintenance – Joshi, K., M. (2018) defines an unsystematic kind of maintenance that occurs suddenly. This would happen when there is no proper approach in position to resolve a repair, replacement, or inspection before it's needed. Unplanned maintenance is commonly the result of equipment failure that was not expected.

C. Types Of Maintenance

D. Some Other Types – (Maintenance Strategy / System / Approach)

Condition Based Maintenance – Baglee., D.,(2017) suggested condition-based maintenance is a maintenance strategy that monitored the actual status of assets to determine requirements of maintenance to be done. CBM directs that maintenance should be executed when various direction indicators indicate signals of progressing breakdown or reducing performance. Fumagalli, L. (2009) defines the objective of condition based maintenance is to monitor and place forthcoming breakdown of equipment so maintenance can be planned proactively when it is required – and not earlier.

World Class Maintenance (WCM) – Cagliano, R., (2001) explains world class maintenance is a maintenance strategy, which is the ability to compete anywhere in the world; to be able to meet and beat any competitor anywhere in the world with product, price, quality and on-time delivery. Mishra, R.,P. (2015) explain world class maintenance is not just about the maintenance practices of the maintenance organization in a vacuum. It is about the way the entire organization uses all the means at its disposal to protect its ability to produce exceptional value for its customers.

Total Productive Maintenance – Seow, C., (2006) defines TPM is a creative procedure of maintenance that optimizes performance of equipment, avoids failures, and encourages autonomous maintenance by machine operators by day to day activities involving the total workforce. Shah. B. (2012) found TPM is an innovative approach of plant maintenance that supplementary to Total Quality Management (TQM), Just-in-Time Manufacturing (JIT), Continuous Performance Improvement, Lean Manufacturing, 5S etc.

Reliability Centered Maintenance – Fraser, K., (2011) given Reliability centered maintenance (RCM) is a strategy of organizational maintenance which used to optimize the maintenance schemes of an organization. This is a concept of maintenance planning finally results in terms of reliability assets of the facility.

The formation of this paper is as follows:

1. In the very first section a brief introduction considered on maintenance. Section defines meaning of maintenance with its type, strategy, models, activity, objectives etc.
2. This section related with SMEs definitions and their categorization with various parameters e.g investment cost and number of employees.
3. Next section related with classification of existing literature with maintenance definitions in SMES to be considered.
4. Next section shows a clear outline of different methodologies available on SMEs. Different tools utilized for maintenance methodology presented by suitable excel sheet.
5. It has been classified; detailed analysis of all maintenance models exists in association with crucial perceptions on each, carried out in the next section.
6. This section related with Barriers, gaps in maintenance of SMEs.
7. In the final section, changing trends in the area of maintenance optimization models or enablers have been identified along with the directions for future research work

III. VARIOUS DEFINITION / STRATEGIES (METHODOLOGY BASED) OF MAINTENANCE IN SMES

The role of SMEs is vital for the economic growth of all the developing as well as developed countries across the world. In India, SMEs are considered as the backbone of Indian economy.

Present era shows the importance of maintenance in business strategy that impact directly or indirectly on manufacturing performance and implements continuous improvement of SMEs. This section presents a collection of the various available strategies of maintenance system used in literature. Principles of maintenance have been broadly accepted by many researchers. Many authors and practitioners across the world have studied and remarked on maintenance definitions.

Very confined literature is available on different existing maintenance strategies and their importance on SMEs. Paper initially collected the total literature on maintenance of SMEs but also indicates a clear pictorial view on different available maintenance strategies used in SMEs. These strategies based on various emerging trends of enterprises and conclude a clear outlines of the guidance for maintenance up gradation. Paper also provides various case studies and available references on maintenance techniques and models. The researchers and professionals who are working on maintenance optimization also describe appropriate references to manage the maintenance strategies. In SMEs, definition of maintenance could be explained by several authors differently, many of them (researchers) also mention the limitations of maintenance system of SMEs. The objective of this study is to analyzing the effects of different existing maintenance strategies / models and practices of SMEs on pragmatic way. Study based in terms of quality and innovative practices and their consequences on performance of SMEs. Additionally, Aim of research scholars to comprehend the impact of quality initiatives and innovations on the universal sustainability as a whole.

Dekker and Scarf (1998) explains development in industrialization and computerization increases which resulted in reduction in quantity of workers, whereas invested capital in manufacturing equipment has increased during last few decades. Jain (2013) shown meaning of maintenance which means keeping equipment autonomously by production operators in good condition- i.e. repair, grease, clean and spent necessary time on it. Jain, M., K., et al (2016) presents the intention is to improve product quality, profitability which automatically improve the brand name in the market lastly satisfy customer.

A. Methodology

In recent times most effective and economic technique to perform research by using the database and internet. Although, we observe very much propagation of particulars – effectively and non-effectively, certified and non- certified, credible and incredible and above all useful and useless. Hence, Google Scholar is used to initiate a search for qualitative research literature. Initially “maintenance” “SMEs,” “maintenance Framework,” and “literature review on maintenance” have been used as the searching keywords. Few papers downloaded initially but shortly it became clear that majority of research papers, not in all, connected with different types of SMEs and related with about maintenance issues completely not connected to maintenance practices of SMEs. After that, keyword “maintenance of SMEs” was used and downloads 157 research papers.

These research papers were studied to realize the different research problems examine by research scholars on maintenance of SMEs. Many research papers was initially noticed, even though presented literature review on maintenance systems of SMEs, also described maintenance implementation case studies on it.

The various researchers introduced different approaches of maintenance in various SMEs and few of them also presented the maintenance frameworks (conceptual, implementation, strategic, operational, etc.). Some maintenance implementation frameworks were also examined. Research has shown that there is no standard maintenance implementation framework and key point of this is the shortage of devoted maintenance implementation methodologies, tools or techniques. All the informed tools used in maintenance are separate fully developed tools like TQM, TPM, 5S, Six-sigma, JIT, kaizen, LM, etc. So, decision was made to review research papers for maintenance optimization tools and techniques. 

As long as reviewed the available research papers it was observation to be made that many quality cross-references were missing and a small query exposed that in different research papers are utilizing the word “maintenance in organization” in place of “maintenance in enterprises.”

As a result, these two key-words were again used for getting more research papers for review. This resulted in 33 papers with term maintenance in enterprises and 30 papers with maintenance implementation in SMEs. Some more papers, found related with literature by referral of references were reviewed due to their significant role in the expansion of maintenance.

Twelve research papers from these are about maintenance principles, six research papers about maintenance management, four about lean + six sigma , 13 about maintenance in SMEs, three about maintenance framework, three about continuous improvement, and rest 11 about maintenance tools and techniques. It is important to point out that number of research papers also discussed various problems but every research paper classified into the best appropriate group depends upon title of research paper, its abstract or frame of research paper.

B. Review of Different Methodologies

Author presented a consolidated table of different maintenance strategies incorporate in the available literature. Purpose of this table to showing the variation in the principles, objectives, and scope of maintenance changed over this period of time. Author also considered the table used to collect all the available strategies of different maintenance practices. These all are based on various Methodologies present in literature. Aggregate 157 research papers had been analyzed out of which 63 methodologies compared from over 38 international journals and seven conferences, three workshops over the period of 1999-2020.

In this research and development, literature review of research papers, research papers of various concepts, descriptive research papers, experimental research papers and analytical research papers including different case studies, various surveys, best practices were included. There are many limitations to this research methodology. Research papers availability was one of the important limitations for authors. Principal portion of databases of this papers were from Taylor & Francis, Emerald, IEEE, Springer, Elsevier Emerald, Science Direct, and ASME, etc. Additionally, other search was also implemented related to books, conferences and other research outlets. Authors wish to make clear that all the papers reviewed may not have these two keywords and all the papers having these two words may have not been reviewed. Many papers were reviewed from cross-references because these contained the required information.

Table 3.1 for Different available strategies of SMEs:

According to table, author categorized the various research methodologies given by several academicians into six classes – Based on concepts, Based on explanations, Based on comparison, Based on experiments, Based on survey, and Based on data collection survey . Dangayach and Deshmukh, (2001) and Bhamu and Sangwan (2014): these research methodologies given below:

Based on basic concept of maintenance: Conceptual

Based on various explanations of maintenance: Descriptive (For performance based issues)

Based on comparative analysis among various maintenance practices: Comparative

Based on experiments (data study): Empirical

Based on through survey, at one point of time: Exploratory cross-sectional

Based on data collection survey on two or more point simultaneously: Exploratory longitudinal

Allocation of different Methodologies used by several researchers is shown.

To maintain the same, there are different optimization tools adopted by different researchers with different time. 94 research papers (57 International and 37 National) were studied and reviewed by the Author on the basis of various optimization tools or techniques at past 20 years of time span i.e. from 1999 to 2019. In this study uses data collected from a research of 135 organizations included manufacturing (101) and services (34) both in India.

Table 3.2 of Maintenance tools used: (Comparisons)

IV.  ANALYTICAL DESCRIPTION OF TABLE DATA: FROM TABLE 3.1 AND TABLE 3.2

After analyzing review of literature, few discussions, comments and outcomes consider in present section.

1. From the results of table it indicates that around 35% of research papers are based on empirical in nature discussed the basic concepts or explanation of maintenance processes containing performance evaluation difficulties. Approximately 50% of research papers deal with the descriptive methodologies.
2. From the result of the table author also concluded the maximum number of optimization tools used for maintenance of SMEs. Author categorized the combinations of all tools according to their development (year) wise.
3. Result shown table 3.2 that entire 94 available maintenance tools divide into five groups by author for comparison i.e.

a. Maintenance / Preventive maintenance

b. Total productive maintenance / 5 S

c. Total quality maintenance / Benchmarking

d. Lean manufacturing / Six Sigma

e. World class maintenance / RCM/ Others

4. Classification of research papers over a period of time

Diagram represents distribution of all 94 articles from 1999 to April 2020. U

Conclusion can be taken from the data table that the study of various maintenance practices has been collected from the starting of the twenty first century assumed that conduct research takes few more years to published and composed. Market recession was one of the reasons during this time. This force of recession derives the various enterprises and research scholars to come forward with solutions to minimize the cost of production. Maintenance optimization tools and their implementation procedures were broadly considering for cost cutting through waste reduction.

5. Distribution of research papers over regional basis

As shown the figure below, around 37 percent of the papers are published by authors from India. USA, UK and Malaysian authors publish 13, 7 and 7 percent respectively. Maximum number of research papers is based on the experimental study of Indian industry. There are various authors from many nations.

This demographically presentation of authors indicates that various maintenance practices in SMEs is applicable on whole word either from developed counties to developing countries. Unexpectedly Author observes the involvement of Japanese is less. One of the reasons for this is that the Japanese prefer the term Toyota production.

Others included: Canada, Russia, Spain, Portugal, Venezuela, South Korea, Germany, Nigeria, Thailand, Paris, Finland, Sweden, Prague, Denmark, and Netherlands.

In this section author presents the review of 94 scholarly articles during 1999-2020 from various international journals and conferences determining the research participation. Nearly twenty seven articles (approximately 29 per cent of total considered articles) were published in the following 10 different journals:

a. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering (05).

b. International Journal of Production Economics (03).

c. Productivity Planning and Control (04).

d. International Journal of Productivity & Quality Management (02).

e. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (02).

f. International Journal of Production Research (03).

g. Journal of Cleaner Production (02).

h. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering (02).

i. International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management (03).

j. Small Business Economics (02).

Most of the research in Maintenance practices is developed by academic writers using enterprise details. In total 94 writer’s considerations, approximate 80 writers (which is 85.10 %) are actually related with academics and only 4 writers (4.25 %) are professionals. In total, 10 writers (10.63 %) are both writers as well as professionals.

Below figure shows the percentage distribution of research papers

From analyzing the available data, Paper concluded that most of the coverage related with topic of Maintenance Practices in SMEs. This study performed between the periods of 1999-2020 was given by The Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, and Production Planning and Control. 142 research papers published on maintenance management reviewed and methodically classified by Garg and Deshmukh (2006). Bhamu and Sangwan (2014) have also reviewed 209 published research papers related with maintenance. All the collected papers for this study related to maintenance implementation in SMEs have been classified year wise, as shown.  

Maintenance could also be implemented in different sectors of industries as maintenance of SMEs, manufacturing industries, process industries, services industries etc. SMEs maintenance consist all types of SMEs. Manufacturing sector consist automobile industries, various steel plants, different types of tyre plants etc. Process sector consist textiles, food process, beverage, petroleum and oil industries. Service sector consist to produces services, maintenance, repairs, training, or consulting.

V. RECENT MAINTENANCE IMPLEMENTATION BARRIERS OF SMES

In present scenario SMEs are customer base industries which facing the various challenges due to cut throat competition. These challenges are in terms of reliability, quality, durability, cost, shape and size of the products, policies, employee, regulations etc. These challenges are also called barriers of SMEs. Author categorized various types of probable barriers which effects maintenance implementations in SMEs.

A. Recent Maintenance Implementation Enablers of SMEs

The taxonomy of drivers and enablers introduces as a probable technique to facilitate continuous manufacturing practice in SMEs. Some of them are presented, drawn from the thematic analysis: integrated strategies, continuous improvement, stakeholder involvement and streamlined processes.

Below table categorized the all possible combinations of enablers which show the essentiality of maintenance implementation in SMEs.

Conclusion

The Author endeavors to evaluate the effect of various possible barriers in the maintenance implementation in SMEs. Paper also considers possible taxonomy of SMEs enablers. The purpose is to improve the overall performance of SMEs. At present, in a worldwide development the large-scale enterprises focusing on its essential skills proceedings on production, delivery of services and subcontracting SMEs for many times. This characteristic is because SMEs are the backbone of the large-scale enterprises. Consequently, this is the correct time for SMEs for implementing the aggressive maintenance policy of competitiveness. At the beginning of the first section of the research, literature review considered. This section is about the detailed description of maintenance, definition, need, purpose, types, analysis with different available methodologies of SMEs. This section ended with various barriers and enablers of SMEs for effective implementation of maintenance in it. Development of Maintenance Framework for SMEs has been considered in next section of research by author.

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