IOT based Manhole Detection and Monitoring System

Abstract

With the increasing Urban population, the need for Internet of Things (IoT) based smart city applications, such as monitoring manhole covers (MC), becomes crucial. However, current MC monitoring systems lack full automation, have a short lifespan, and face design challenges from an IoT device perspective. In this study, we explore the use of compressive sensing (CS) to reduce power consumption in the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of an IoT-based MC monitoring system, aiming to extend its lifetime. We propose two low-power analog chaotic oscillators as an alternative to the digital pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) commonly used in CS-based ADC\'s. The proposed systems are validated through temperature measurements, showing promising results. This research addresses circuit design challenges and improves system performance for long-term and efficient operation of IoT-based MC monitoring systems.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

People are moving into urban areas because these are more desirable places to reside. But this development also places strain on urban resources and services, leading to utility outages and increasing resource use. Modern governments are implementing "Smart City" practises to manage urban services and resources in order to overcome these difficulties.

A "smart city" is described as a community that uses intelligent monitoring and control systems to assure sustainability and efficiency while integrating all of its infrastructure and services into a seamless whole. Smart infrastructures, which include subterranean utilities like electrical, water/sewer systems, and natural gas systems, are one of the main focuses of smart cities. Manhole covers (MC) are structures that are used to monitor and provide access to these facilities. However, the economy, safety, and security of cities may all be significantly impacted by the collapse of MCs.

Both automatic and manual monitoring tools are available for urban resources and services. While manual monitoring relies on human effort to physically visit the installation site for monitoring, automatic monitoring systems do not require human effort and often communicate data through wireless or wired systems. Automated monitoring systems are quicker and more cost-effective, but they still have limitations, especially when it comes to IoT devices—the monitoring systems that are utilised for Smart City applications and are IoT-based. Sensors, a data acquisition system (DAQ), a control unit (CU), a communication unit, and a power supply unit are commonly included in an IoT-based MC automated monitoring system.

Designing IoT-based automated MC monitoring systems is difficult due to energy consumption, with the ADC in the DAQ unit being the circuit with the largest power consumption. As a result, the study in this field focuses on developing an analogue circuit design technique-based low-power secure ADC. Analogue circuit design offers potential advantages in terms of power consumption and security, even though the majority of Internet of Things devices are based on digital circuit design.

The use of a high sample rate is one of the primary causes of the ADC circuit's excessive power consumption. However, if the signal is poorly recorded in one of the well-known domains, such as the frequency domain, compressive sensing (CS) theory, which was introduced in 2002, contends that the ADC sampling rate can be decreased to less than the Nyquist Shannon rate. Because of this, CS is a desirable strategy for IoT device power and data optimisation

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

A. Design space of wireless detector networks, Wireless Communication Author Romer,K. Mattern

Description : In the recent  history, they had wireless detector networks have  set up their way into a wide variety of  operations and systems with  veritably different conditions and characteristics. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology( IJERT) ISSN 2278- 0181 Published bywww.ijert.org NCCDS- Proceedings of the 2021 Conference Volume 9, Issue 12 Special Edition – 2021 14 As a result, it becomes  further and more  delicate  bandy typical requests regarding  tackle issues and software support.

This is particularly problematic in a multidisciplinary  exploration area  similar as wireless detector networks where close cooperation between  druggies,  operation  sphere experts,  tackle and software contrivers inventors are  demanded to  apply effective systems. In this  donation we  bandy the consequences of this fact with regard to design space of wireless detector networks by considering its different  confines. We justify our opinion with a demonstration that specific being  operations  enthrall  different  locales design space.

B. Towards  enforcing IoT for the  terrain Condition monitoring in  homes By KellyS.D.T, Suryadevara,N.K., MukhopadhyayS.C 

Description : In this document we've presented an effective an  perpetration for the Internet of effects used for covering common domestic conditions through ubiquitous low costs  seeing system. Description of the integrated network armature and connection mechanisms for  dependable  dimension of parameters by smart detectors and data transfer via the Internet is presented. The the longitudinal  literacy system was  suitable to  give  tone- covering a medium for better device operation during monitoring phase. The  frame of the monitoring system is grounded on a combination of pervasive distributed  seeing units, information system for data aggregation,  logic and  mindfulness  of  environment. The results are encouraging as is the  trustability  seeing the transmission of information through the proposed integrated network armature is 97. The prototype was tested to  induce graphical information in real time rather than a test bed  script.

C. Monitoring Smart City  operations using Raspberry PI  Based on IOT AuthorsProf. SA.Shaikh 1, SuvarnaA. Sonawane. 

Description : The  thing of the development is a Smart  megacity cover the quality of  coffers in the  megacity to ameliorate the good  operation and faster development of the  megacity  needed the imperative is to contemporize the healthy and safe  metropolises that  give real- time services and the  rearmost  outfit to  apply the conception smart  metropolises use the IoT conception, which enables easy wireless connectivity communication is possible. The system consists of detectors, collect  colorful types of data from detectors and transmit it to Raspberry Pi3  motorist. The affair  attained from the  regulator is  transferred to the control room viae-mail and also view on a  particular computer.

III. COMPONENT

1. Tilt Sensor
2. Smoke Sensor
3. Buzzer
4. LCD (16x2)
5. Node MCU ESP8266
6. Temperature Sensor
7. GSM Module
8. Adapter 5V
9. Float Sensor

IV. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

V. METHODOLOGY

In our  design, we crushed these disadvantages in both cases being systems. rather, we  produce an edge network Internet. We've constructed a loophole  discovery system by connecting a number of detectors  similar as  cock detector, throttle detector, Float detector etc and also connect esp8266 s this system. We programmed this esp8266 as access a point that provides its own network without the Internet.  still, shaft discovery system automatically sends detector data to the  stoner via the web or alert  dispatches mobile  operation without internet below are some of the  crucial benefits of the proposed  result  system There's no need to spend in this suggested  system internet costs, If  stoner present in this area. The whole system works as a original networks using edge computing. stoner can use any device to get updates from the system. It isn't limited to use only registered device. The  stoner doesn't need to have internet access on their device get an update from this shaft discovery system

VI. WORKING

An underground drainage monitoring system won't only help in maintaining the proper health and safety of the  megacity but also in reducing the work of government  labor force. colorful types of detectors( inflow,  position, temperature and gas detectors) are connived with microcontroller Arduino Uno in order to make the system smart. When the  separate detectors reach the threshold  position, the  suggestion of that  separate value and detector is being  transferred to the microcontroller. likewise, Arduino Uno  also sends the signal and  position of the manhole to the external  pot through GSM and GPS and the  officers could  fluently  detect which manhole is having the problem and could take applicable  way. Also, Arduino Uno updates the live values of all the detectors in the manholes falling under the  separate area using IoT. A communication will also be displayed on the TV.                                                                                            

Conclusion

Underground monitoring is a grueling problem. This design suggests colorful styles of monitoring and operation resistance drainage system. It explains the colorful operations similar as underground drainage and shaft identification in reality time. colorful parameters similar as temperature, poisonous feasts, inflow and the water position is covered and streamlined internet using internet of effects. This allows a person responsible to take necessary action in this matter. In this way gratuitous passages through the shafts are saved can only be done if necessary. Also in real time streamlining on the internet helps to maintain chronicity in check drainage to avoid peril

References

[1] S Sultana, A Rahaman, AM Jhara, AC Paul “An IOT Based Smart Drain Monitoring System with Alert Messages”-Conference on Intelligent, 2020 Springer. [2] A Pendharkar, J Chillapalli, K Dhakate, “IoT Based Sewage Monitoring System”, Available at SSRN, 2020, researchgate.net. [3] U Andrijaševi?, J Koci?, V Neši?, “Lid Opening Detection in Manholes” 2020 - ieeexplore.ieee.org [4] P Bhosale, “Iot Based System for Detection of Sewage Blockages”, 2021, it-in-industry.org. [5] M Aarthi, A Bhuvaneshwaran, “Iot Based Drainage and Waste Management Monitoring and Alert System for Smart City”- Annals of the Romanian Society, 2021 - annalsofrscb.ro. [6] Prof S. A. Shaikh1, Suvarna A. Sonawane2, ”Monitoring Smart City Application Using Raspberry PI based on IoT” International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol 5 Issue VIL, July 2017. [7] Prof Muragesh SK1, Santhosha Rao2, “Automated Internet of Things For Underground Drainage and Manhole Monitoring Systems For Metropolitan Cities.” International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 4, June 2015. [8] Lazarescu, M.T., \"Design of a WSN Platform for Long-Term Environmental Monitoring for IoT Applications,\" Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits And Systems, IEEE Journal on, vol.3, no.1, pp.45, 54, March 2013.

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Prof. Swati Khawate, Prof. Dr. Sharan Inamdar, Nitin Battula, Naveen Cheerala, Laxmimanasa Chirivella. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.