Biometric authentication is a user identification and authentication method utilizing unique physical or behavioral traits such as fingerprints, facial patterns, iris scans, and voice recognition. This paper explores the advantages of biometric systems over traditional methods like passwords and PINs, highlighting their resilience against replication and theft. We delve into various types of biometric systems, their strengths and weaknesses, and address key research issues that must be resolved for effective deployment in real-world scenarios. We conclude by emphasizing the potential of biometric authentication as a secure and convenient identification solution across various applications.
Introduction
I. INTRODUCTION
This paper presents an imperial study on the convolutional layer in CNNs, focusing on its architecture, functionality, and applications in data mining As technology continues to evolve at an unprecedented pace, the number of technology users—and consequently the volume of data generated—has surged. Among this data, sensitive information often requires stringent protection to prevent unauthorized access. While traditional authentication methods, such as passwords, PINs, and smart cards, have long been employed to secure data, they are increasingly deemed inadequate due to their vulnerabilities. Passwords can be easily forgotten or compromised, and physical tokens can be lost or stolen.
In response to these challenges, the field of cybersecurity has shifted toward biometric authentication, leveraging unique human physiological and behavioral traits for secure identification. Biometric systems capitalize on the distinctiveness of characteristics such as fingerprints, facial features, iris patterns, and even behavioral patterns like voice and gait. These traits offer a promising alternative, as they cannot be easily replicated or forgotten, thus enhancing security while streamlining user experience.
Despite the advantages of biometric systems, concerns remain regarding their implementation and potential weaknesses. The security landscape is further complicated by the rise of digital rights management (DRM) systems, which protect digital media from unauthorized copying and distribution. Effective user authentication is critical in these systems, where the authenticity of access rights must be confirmed.
Biometric technology has witnessed significant advancement since the introduction of the first commercial device over 25 years ago. Today, a variety of biometric modalities are employed across diverse applications—from securing smartphones and ATMs to enhancing surveillance systems and controlling access to sensitive facilities.
This paper aims to explore the landscape of biometric authentication, comparing various methods and assessing their effectiveness, user acceptance, and the challenges they present. By conducting a survey of 99 users, we will analyze preferences and perceptions regarding biometric systems, ultimately highlighting the critical role of these technologies in modern information security.
Type of Biometrics System.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Biometric authentication, a method of identifying individuals based on unique physical or behavioral traits, has emerged as a powerful security tool. Its significance lies in its ability to offer high levels of security, convenience, and precision, making it an increasingly popular solution across various industries.
Biometric identification systems offer secure and efficient access control, improving accuracy and convenience over traditional methods. Despite challenges like privacy concerns, continued advancements will enhance their effectiveness and security.
4o mini
Research Gate[1]
2024
Elvir Misini
Biometric authentication offers a more secure alternative to traditional passwords, but it also has weaknesses, including the potential for theft or forgery. Combining biometrics with multi-factor authentication can provide enhanced security for protecting sensitive data.
Research Gate[2]
2022
Arun Ross
Biometric systems enhance security but face challenges in privacy, cultural resistance, and integration, requiring balanced solutions for effective adoption.
Research Gate[3]
2006
Vinayak Pujari
Advances in biometric technology have made it secure, cost-effective, and efficient, with improved performance in various identification methods.
Research Gate[4]
2021
Mymoon Dobaibi
The study found that age and education significantly influence user acceptance of biometric systems, with fingerprint authentication being the most preferred and perceived as secure by the majority of participants.
Diva Portal[5]
2023
Rahul Ranjan
Biometric authentication offers strong security but requires careful system design and legal frameworks to address privacy risks and ensure proper protection of biometric data.
Research Gate[6]
2009
Hussaini Mamman
Biometric authentication methods, like fingerprint and password techniques, offer effective security, but future work should explore both simple and complex methods for enhanced understanding and improvement.
Research Gate[7]
2020
Gurudatt Anil Kulkarni
Biometrics offers secure, reliable identification by analyzing physical and behavioral traits, with multimodal systems enhancing security and convenience across various applications.
Research Gate[8]
2012
Preeti Sharma
Biometrics and machine learning offer vast potential across industries but must be implemented ethically, addressing privacy, accuracy, and bias concerns.
Research Gate[9]
2023
Israa Alsaadi
Biometric security methods, especially when combined (e.g., fingerprint, iris, and face recognition), offer improved reliability, accuracy, and flexibility for securing sensitive systems.
Research Gate
[10]
2015
ZHANGRUI
This paper reviews biometric authentication advancements, categorizing systems into static and dynamic features, while emphasizing the need for improved security and privacy in future research.
IEEE[11]
2017
Prashant Shrivastava
Biometric authentication provides enhanced security for critical applications and, with future advancements like DNA matching and combined systems, promises even greater protection.
Research Gate[12]
2016
U. SUMALATHA.
Multimodal fingerprint biometrics offer improved accuracy and security over unimodal systems, but further advancements in sensors, algorithms, and privacy measures are needed for reliable, user-friendly solutions.
IEEE[13]
2024
JAMMI ASHOK
Biometrics, replacing traditional authentication methods, is evolving alongside nanotechnology to create ultra-small, secure systems with the potential to store vast personal data.
Research Gate[14]
2010
Marc Pasquet
Biometric authentication, including multimodal systems, is evolving to enhance security in applications like e-transactions, with potential future innovations such as biometric payment methods and devices.
Research Gate[15]
2008
AMARPREET SINGH
Biometric systems, while effective for personal recognition and security, must be combined with other technologies and carefully designed to balance security, privacy,
Research Gate[16]
2010
Conclusion
Biometric identification is growing in usage for physical and virtual access control, with advancements like digital imprints, face recognition, and voice verification replacing traditional methods. This paper discusses match-in database biometric technology, identifies current threats, and suggests a more comprehensive threat model. Decentralized databases can enhance security and privacy in biometric authentication systems.
Dynamic biometric devices need higher accuracy and data fusion can improve authentication accuracy. Biometrics are crucial for reliable personal recognition, but a combination of biometric and non-biometric elements is needed for robust system design. Biometrics have potential in secure applications like e-Commerce, access control, and e-Banking, with the future evolution and embedding of biometric technology influencing daily business operations.
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