Towards Safer Streets: A Comprehensive Approach to Safeguarding Lives at Surajpur\'s Roundabouts in Greater Noida

Abstract

: Enhancing pedestrian safety at roundabouts is crucial for creating safer urban environments. This research paper focuses on addressing the challenges faced by pedestrians at roundabouts in Surajpur, Greater Noida, through a comprehensive study. The study employs a multi-disciplinary approach, integrating insights from urban planning, traffic engineering, technology, and community engagement. The research methodology includes problem clarification, location analysis, analogical comparison, proposal development, data analysis, spatial analysis, and ethical considerations. The literature review highlights recent trends and gaps in pedestrian safety research, emphasizing the need for context-specific interventions. Simulation results and data analysis from Surajpur\'s roundabouts are presented, incorporating numerical formulas and statistical tests. The discussion interprets these results, discussing implications for pedestrian safety strategies. The conclusions draw insights from the study\'s findings, proposing evidence-based recommendations for improving pedestrian safety. Future research directions are outlined, suggesting avenues for further exploration.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Roundabouts play a pivotal role in urban transportation systems, offering efficient traffic flow and reduced congestion[1]. In light of the increasing urbanization and population density, in areas such as Surajpur, Greater Noida, the safety of pedestrians around roundabouts has become a concern.[2] The interaction between traffic and pedestrian movement poses challenges that require a multifaceted approach to enhance safety and reduce risks.

This study explores strategies aimed at making the streets safer and protecting lives at the roundabouts in Surajpur, Greater Noida. By analyzing the situation identifying obstacles and suggesting practical solutions this research aims to contribute to discussions on pedestrian safety in urban settings.

The research methodology adopted includes aspects of planning, engineering interventions public awareness campaigns and policy changes. Urban planners are responsible for developing pedestrian areas strategically placing crosswalks and incorporating spaces to improve the overall environment.[5] Engineers play a role in implementing designed pathways, pedestrian bridges and effective lighting systems to enhance visibility and safety especially at night. Additionally public awareness initiatives, educational programs and community engagement efforts are crucial, in influencing pedestrian behavior and promoting a culture of safety[7].

This is the other reason why we expect to see policy interventions in terms of stringent enforcement of regulations dealing with traffic, penalties against violators and continual safety checks needed in this multifaceted approach[4]. Such measures are only likely to succeed if there is cooperation between local governments, urban planners, engineers, law enforcement agencies and community stakeholders.

For the case of Surajpur and other cities of such nature, adoption of a holistic approach where every discipline and stakeholder is integrated culminates into safer streets, accident reduction as well as increasing overall liability of the community.

The essential purpose of this research paper is to come up with a comprehensive approach for enhancing pedestrian safety at roundabouts in Surajpur within Greater Noida. The main goals include investigating current pedestrian safety status inside roundabouts; identifying different bottlenecks; recommending multi-disciplinary approaches; evaluating possible solutions and offering long-term strategies for future sustainable developments.

The paper opens with an introduction that gives the background of the topic and its significance, and states the research objectives. It then proceeds to literature review that examines previous studies and best practices on designing roundabouts and pedestrian safety. The methodology chapter explains problem statement, site analysis, methods of data collection (interviews, questionnaires, data analysis) as well as analogical comparisons with benchmarks. The current situation analysis assesses pedestrian safety metrics and infrastructure hence some proposed solutions like urban planning strategies, engineering interventions, public awareness campaigns or policy reforms in order to address this issue. An implementation plan describes how these will be implemented by determining roles, responsibility as well as budget considerations. Evaluation and monitoring section provides criteria for measuring success of intervention measures and for making necessary adjustments. Finally a conclusion is drawn summarizing main findings focusing on stakeholder collaboration while emphasizing potential long term influence on pedestrians’ safety.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

There has been a lot of research on the topic of pedestrians’ safety in roundabouts, which is an aspect of urban safety that has become important over time. This part reviews all relevant studies and describes contemporary directions, existing gaps and best approaches.

Moreover, recent studies have shown how traffic flow efficiency and pedestrian safety could be considered together in designing roundabouts[5]. Roundabout designs now must incorporate both elements since they are increasingly being adopted worldwide due to the benefits of addressing traffic congestion and pollution[12].

Another gap in knowledge found in literature is about the effectiveness of various pedestrian treatments at roundabouts. Nevertheless, while some studies have looked into civil engineering measures such as raised crosswalks[4], refuge islands or traffic calming measures[6], no one intervention has been universally agreed upon as having the greatest effect more so when it comes to areas characterized by high vehicular movement like Surajpur.

Additionally, one of the most recent research [8][10]discovered that technology is an essential component of roundabout safety. This mirrors the role of smart signaling systems, and pedestrian detection sensors in increasing safety rates at roundabouts. Indigenous inventors in the field could test and implement the used technologies but require in-depth evaluation as they are in urban Indian conditions.

Alongside this, the human element in the pathway to safer crossings for pedestrians has become the focus of much research [1][6], with studies [3][7] examining educational campaigns, behavioral interventions and community engagement methods as possible solutions. The appropriate comprehension of pedestrian attitude and perception may serve as a basis for designing community-based models for interventions that are suit the culture of the area.

On the other hand, there is an increasing awareness on whole-community design that in turn, improves pedestrian safety, especially within the weaker sectors like children, old persons, as well as disabled people [12][20]. Improving pedestrian safety means making accessible infrastructure, good signs, and signage systems that are helpful.

The literature provides us with the clues on how to improve the pedestrian safety at roundabouts lighting system, which is another area that can use some research appropriate to this area. Still, a relatively small number of studies have managed to analyze the peculiar concerns facing pedestrians in this quickly emerging urban district which signals that there in need for area-specific research and solutions that are custom-made for these problems.

Over the past few years, the papers from this sphere of research on the pedestrian safety at the roundabouts have gained much attention which indicates the worldwide concern about urban's safety and infrastructure. Current research by Narayan [12]; focused on identifying the main factors that influence pedestrian decision-making at Indian urban roundabouts, can help improve the interventions to heighten the safety. Wang and Liu [14], prospects of safety measures across different countries in comparative study requires more in-depth understanding of better methods and areas strong such that roundabout safety measures can be improved. Gupta's [15] longitudinal assessment found causality, between campaigns for pedestrian education and pedestrian safety awareness, as well as their behavior, emphasizing the significance of educational measures, contributing to pedestrian safety.

Moreover, Kumar [16] utilized modeling techniques based on data to gain insights about pedestrian traffic flow in roundabouts and also presented models for traffic light optimization with the aim of pedestrian-friendly infrastructure design. Singh and Sharma [17] investigated safety, whether safety is perceived or really existing, in roundabout settings putting at center psychological security factors that influence pedestrian safety perceptions. The work of Chakraborty et al. [18] revolves around the appraisal of the role the integration of public transit brings to pedestrian roads as a guide for multimodal urban planning strategies that base on integration of multimodality transport system.

This sort of studies enlightens us about cognitive processes, traffic safety features, public awareness campaigns, driver's behavior model, psychological factors, intermodal solutions, pedestrians' rights and road users' rights. Despite these studies made many contributions, the data collected in Surajpur town of Greater Noida city has a meaningful gap among them.

Literature mainly addresses the problems of cities and they are congested and constantly going through various changes while the studies that looked at the numerous issues that pedestrians face in this area are limited which call for localized research and targeted solutions [1][9].

The exanded table becomes more comprehensive and inclusive by giving us finer details on each research focus, the main studies associated with them, the core findings of each study, and the known shortcomings or research opportunities in each concentration. It provides an overview of the literature aspect of pedestrian safety for roundabout and it indicates the areas that need further consideration and which expected to be investigated and solved.

In conclusion, this upper paragraph emphasizes the fact that the whole story is useful and the attention should be paid to the integration of engineering, technology, education, and community involvement. The research gap that was highlighted mentioned about conducting community specific studies and taking evidence-based interventions in Surajpur and in other urban areas, as well.

Table 1: Overview

III. METHODOLOGY

Let's see each subsection of the Research Methodology:

A. Problem Statement Clarification

At this stage of the research process a detailed scrutinization of the pedestrian safety issues at the roundabout in Surajpur town had been performed. The study took place by using on-site field observations coupled with a review of related events’ reports and interviews of the relevant parties like local authorities, transportation experts, and representatives from neighborhood. This data was then assessed and the research team realized the specific factors impeding the pedestrians’ movement, for example, touch crossings, traffic light jumps, insufficient road signage, and various pedestrian risks.

B. Location Analysis

1. Selection of Intersection Subset:

• The selection of roundabouts was designed so as to have a strategic approach, which is meant to demonstrate the differences in both types of roundabouts and the traffic characteristics within Surajpur. We opted roundabouts because of criteria that were traffic volume fluctuations, number of people walking, closeness to symbolic landmarks and events, among others.

2. Data Gathering Methods

• Interviews and Surveys: Survey method and interview methods such as structured interviews and surveys were applied as a research tool to the individuals with different position groups such as pedestrians, drivers, local residents, business owners near roundabouts, and Traffic enforcers. These qualitative details were providing very detailed view on pedestrian experiences, safety perceptions, understanding traffic rules, and were bringing big amount of improvement suggestions.
• Traffic Forecasting: Patterns of traffic flow were studied by means of the up to date monitoring technologies; video recordings, automatic traffic counters and the geopositioning system of automobiles. Such information assisted to identify existence of high traffic volumes in the peak hours, congestion spots, maximum vehicular speeds approach the roundabouts, as well as to evaluate the impact of traffic variations on pedestrian safety.
• Statistics on Unsafe Events: Information from various sources as the number of roundabout pedestrian accidents, near-misses, and traffic violations surrounding the concerned roundabout were collected from official records as well police reports and incident databases. Complete evaluation of these accidents showed the common picture of the accident, details of severity of the accident, and those points that need particular attention to be wiped out or reduced.

C. Analogical Comparison

The research team analogy based on global best practices and success of intervention methods in the similar rural settings as well on this subject was taken into account and strategies which are applicable in Surajpur’s roundabouts were transferred on it. Cases relative to the traffic schemes, infrastructure issues involving those similar to the entity and instances of pedestrian safety were thoroughly studied by the analysis. The insights thus obtained mainly form a basis on the creation of community-specific advices which consider the city's own peculiarities and constraints.

D. Proposal Growth

The second step of the plan was to make a quite thorough presentation of the information and come to insights that were gained in the course of clarifying the problem, analyzing the location, and comparing to the analogies. The policy focused on gaining support from the local community rather than imposing any recommendations, and it included a combination of urban planning strategies, engineering solutions, technology interventions, community engagement initiatives, and policy recommendations. Here in the plan, each section has been painstakingly put together in order to address the particular pedestrian safety concerns discovered while during the research phase.

E. Data Analysis

1. Quantitative Descriptions: The towns transit authority could use data collection on the pedestrian accident rates, traffic volumes, vehicle speeds, and deficiencies in infrastructure to judge the safety levels and give priorities. Comparative analysis of roundabout measures, which were already implemented in cities with identical traffic volume and similar environments, led to the identification of suitable solutions for Surajpur.
2. Correlation Analysis: Correlation analysis has been utilized to find the associations between the numerous factors such as pedestrian infrastructure quality, enforcement measures, bus tracking system, and pedestrian safety. Determining dependencies advised us on which solutions to select and set up budget in an efficient way.
3. Regression Analysis: Regression modeling techniques were used with intentions to forecast the influence of traffic parameters, environmental conditions and safety interventions on pedestrian safety quantified metrics. The epidemiological forecasting models helped in speculating scenarios and choosing informed investments on impactful interventions.

F. Analysis of Space

Spatial analysis was done by means of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools in order to pinpoint spatial locations where pedestrians are mostly victims of accidents. A temporal analysis was then conducted to understand the dynamics of accidents in terms of the time and the day(s). The same tools were also utilized to determine how the pedestrians can access essential facilities around the roundabouts. Buffer analysis helped visualize safety zones and prioritize infrastructure improvements based on proximity to high-risk areas.

G. Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations were embedded throughout the research process to ensure integrity, transparency, and respect for human subjects' rights. Informed consent protocols were followed for participant engagement, data confidentiality measures were implemented to safeguard sensitive information, and ethical guidelines governing research involving human participants were strictly adhered to. The research team prioritized ethical conduct, data privacy, and unbiased analysis to uphold the highest standards of research integrity.

V. DISCUSSION

The simulation results offer valuable insights into the potential impact of pedestrian infrastructure changes on roundabout safety and traffic flow. The discussion below interprets these results and discusses their implications.

Impact on Pedestrian Safety Scores: The proposed changes in crosswalk placement show a notable improvement in pedestrian safety scores compared to the current location. Placing crosswalks nearer to the roundabout entry and midway through the roundabout significantly increases safety scores, with the highest score achieved at the midway point. This suggests that pedestrians feel safer and have better visibility and interaction with vehicles when crosswalks are strategically positioned within the roundabout.

Influence on Average Vehicle Speeds: Interestingly, the simulation indicates a slight decrease in average vehicle speeds with the proposed changes in crosswalk placement. This reduction is particularly evident when crosswalks are placed near the entry and midway points. Lower vehicle speeds near crosswalks contribute to a safer environment for pedestrians, as it allows for better reaction time and reduces the severity of potential accidents.

Effect on Pedestrian Waiting Time: The simulation also reveals a positive impact on pedestrian waiting times with the proposed infrastructure changes. Placing crosswalks near the entry and midway points reduces pedestrian waiting times significantly compared to the current location. This indicates improved pedestrian flow and accessibility within the roundabout, enhancing overall pedestrian experience and safety.

Implications for Roundabout Design: The findings underscore the importance of strategic crosswalk placement in roundabout design to enhance pedestrian safety and traffic management. Placing crosswalks at key points, such as near entry and midway, not only improves safety scores but also contributes to smoother traffic flow and reduced pedestrian waiting times. These results have practical implications for urban planners and traffic engineers involved in roundabout design and pedestrian infrastructure development.

Limitations and Future Research: It's important to acknowledge the limitations of this simulation study, such as simplified traffic scenarios and idealized pedestrian behaviors. Future research could incorporate real-world data, dynamic traffic simulations, and pedestrian behavior modeling for more accurate assessments. Additionally, studying the long-term effects of these infrastructure changes and conducting field experiments can further validate the simulation results and guide evidence-based decision-making in urban planning.

Overall, the simulation results demonstrate the potential benefits of optimizing pedestrian infrastructure within roundabouts, highlighting opportunities for enhancing safety and efficiency in urban transportation systems.

This discussion section provides a comprehensive analysis of the simulation results, discusses their implications, acknowledges limitations, and suggests avenues for future research.

VI. FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS

Nakshe manzil at Surajpur's gali in Greater Noida discovers various peerless paths of research that could be explored in literature for the future. With the exception of prospective studies, other kind of studies which are known as retrospective studies are single with quite a deal of bias. Such observations can monitor significant differences in callers' conduct, collision frequencies, and perception of safety across virtue of time highlighting the effectiveness of awareness campaigns and long-term implications. Furthermore, it is important to note that qualitative research methods provide opportunities to go deeper in analyzing pedestrian choice processes, risk perceptions, and quality of infrastructure facilities from the point of view of the potential users. Besides, the qualitative dimension of this research will allow learning the pivotal issues that will help in creating the educational programs, the behavioral interventions, and the community engagement approaches which will be in resonance with the requirements and realities of the pedestrians in Surajpur.

Cyber-illuminations and smart human-driven and autonomous-vehicles systems are other elements in the field of smart safety for pedestrian research. Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT) and some sensors have tremendous scope for transforming what we know in regard to safety engineering at the roundabouts. Smart pedestrian sensing systems that detect people in real-time, big-data analytics models to identify hazardous areas, as well as trials of adaptive traffic signals that automatically adjust to pedestrian flow can provide a substantial boost to safety quotient. These technological innovations not only allow to lessen the risks and more importantly facilitate relevance smart urban life, bringing us closer to the sustainable city.

Community engagement and participatory approaches are essential ingredient to the effectiveness or sustainability of any been safety initiative. Working together in designing street infrastructure; involving local residents in the decision-making processes through workshops and also providing avenues for feedback mechanisms can greatly boost the confidence and sense of responsibility among the communities and spur them to be actively involved in safety enhancement projects. Thereafter, assess the relationship of urban design features including street lighting, pedestrian accessible infrastructure as well as green spaces with the security and overall well-being of the pedestrians is paramount in developing purposive urban settings.

Along the line of these technical and community-focused approaches, future research also should encompass policy evaluation, cross-cultural investigations, and pedestrian resilience measures in planning. Evaluation of the existing measures, revealing the faiures, insufficiency of the programms, and advocating for evidence -based policy will contribute hugely to the outcome of all the efforts. Crossover studies may provide very useful information about how the cultural norms, social standards and the urban area make an impact on the how people behave on the street and their safety perceptions on pedestrian level. Besides, the pedestrian safety has to be integrated with broader objectives aimed at sustainability, including climate resilience and equal access to transportation. This measure can lead to creation of urban environments that are truly inclusive, safe and resilient for everyone.

The first suggestion is the embracing of these multidimensional research areas which can propel the partnership between stakeholders including researchers, policymakers, urban planners, and communities. In the end, this collaboration can lead to an innovation, breakthrough in knowledge frontiers, and consequently create safer and more livable urban spaces that give pedestrian safety and well-being the priority they deserve.

Conclusion

Thus, this research brings all together at the crucial stage of giving an answer to the road safety problems within roundabouts, in particular, in Surajpur, the busiest and the most crowded locality of Greater Noida, which is a perimeter of New Delhi. This study has brought about a systematic investigation, which addressed the safety of pedestrian dramatically. Starting from the structural deficiencies to the behavioral issues to technological upward trends. One of the critical findings of these studies is the eye-opening fact that some locations are dangerous and give the pedestrians negligible security features; this being a major concern for pedestrian safety. The study has demonstrated this by placing a particular emphasis upon the examination of what constitutes as a best practice for other cities on a global scale and effective traffic interventions. Moreover, the study has pointed out crucial strategic approaches which are suitable for other cities that not only prioritize safety but also ensures smooth flow of traffic. However, using technology enabled solutions, like smart signals and pedestrian detection sensors, also bring of efficiencies and improved safety results. Nevertheless, the necessity of high benchmarking and continuous tracking of the outcome of technological interventions should not be downplayed to validate their effectiveness and permeability in a real-world urban environment. The robust methodology of this study has integrated problem and location intelligence, analogical approach and data-driven analysis; the soundness of the findings is such that the process of getting those applicable insights was natural and uncomplicated. It is through the application of tool such as simulation software, statistical analysis, and visualization of data that a completed comprehension of the safety of pedestrian has been realized as well as the consequent formulation of effective evidence-based recommendations. The significance of this research is not confined only to academic discussions, but it offers a concrete basis for policymaking, community-based strategies, and mobilizing a team of stakeholders through cooperation. The involvement of educational sessions, behavioral interventions, and design principles that are mindful and inclusive becomes a superior strategy to harmonize the pedestrian environment and at the same time achieve sustainability. It can thus be highlighted that pedestrian safety needs to be seen as an important part of the plan of urban development and it also suggests that collaboration across different disciplines, technological advances and community involvement can bring about desired changes. The above inputs can help to gather crucial insights with respect to pedestrian safety; these insights in turn can help a Surajpur or any such urban center to dominate towards the creation of sustainable, livable and resilient cities, that give due consideration to inhabitants’ well-being.

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Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Sakshi Yadav, Karthikeyan M. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.