Semantic Peculiarities of Syntactic Units in the Position of the Primary Parts of Sentence

Abstract

This article discusses the fact that most linguists have criticized the analysis of sentences based on dividing a sentence into main and secondary parts, noting that the reasons for this are that they do not take into account the differentiating features of language levels.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The problems between relations of syntax and semantic are investigated by linguists not on the base of content, but on the base of form. About this point M. Giro-Veber wrote: “It is precisely because of this inconsistency that some completely different units are considered as one and the same member of the sentence, for example, the subject in the nominative case can equally designate: an active figure (the girl sings), a passive object of action (the house was built), a bearer of the attribute (he is beautiful myself), the subject state (the boy is sick), and even the object of possession (I have a new bicycle) where the activity or passivity of the denotation, its various signs remain structurally unexpressed” [1. 66-67].

In order to prove above pointed considerations we analyze the personal pronouns in the syntactical position of subject in the structure of the sentences on the base of traditional syntactic analysis and componential and syntaxeme analyses of the following sentences:

1. She reads.
2. She is a student.
3. She is happy.
4. She is beautiful.
5. She is twenty.

In those sentences the personal pronoun she is realized in the position of subject. During the traditional analyses of those sentences the authors of practical and theoretical grammars and the students in all languages explain: “The subject of the sentence is she. It is expressed by the personal pronoun, the third person singular and female”.

The predicate is also one of the disputable questions. For example: Reads- simple verbal predicate, it is expressed by a verb, the third person singular, the present indefinite tense.

This consideration may be right, but is a student, is happy, is beautiful, is twenty syntactic units are explained identical, i.e. compound nominal predicate. In this case we can support only is a student as compound nominal predicate but the other types of predicates can’t be considered so. Because in the syntactic unit is beautiful consists of link verb and the adjective, how can we consider is beautiful as compound nominal predicate? Or in the syntactic unit is twenty consists of link verb and numeral. Again how can we consider is twenty as compound nominal predicate? Such kind of defects of existing while defining the predicate may be the influence of Russian terms “??? ???????????????”, “??? ??????????????”, “??? ????????????”.

But if we analyze those sentences on the base of componential analysis method the syntactic unit “she” and the syntactic units reads, is a student, is happy, is beautiful, is twenty are related on the base of nuclear predicative connection, which is marked by means of two lines and two indicators on both sides        . the straight line ( _____ stroke) means syntactic units having full meaning, they are shown in junctional model. Above pointed five sentences can be drawn in one junctional model: ?____ ? (Junctional model).

As Sh.S.Ashurov marked that symbol (    ) expresses nuclear predicative connection. The important peculiarities of this syntactic connection based on two peculiarities:

• The firstly, the difference of nuclear predicative connection is from other syntactic connections that syntactic connection is not depended to the attitude of other connections, it can compose a sentence expressing independent idea;
• The secondly, it can connect two nuclear components having equal rights. [3. 36].

Really, those peculiarities help to differ the nuclear predicative connection from other syntactical connections. The other syntactical connections are considered unnuclear syntactic connections.

Componential model of above given sentences is the same as junctional model: NP1, NP2. The symbol NP1 means the subject of the sentence (N- is taken from nuclear and expresses nuclear, P1- predicated, that means the subject of the sentence is defined by the predicate). The symbol NP2 means the predicate of the sentence (P2- predicating which expresses the centre of the sentence) [4. 78].

Differential syntactic signs of syntactic units of those sentences, i.e. componential composition is the same. That’s why it will be available to express forms or morphological peculiarities of components in the structure of the sentences. In order to explain them we use some symbols.

A. So, Notional Parts of speEch are Marked with Capital Letters

S-noun (substance), Vf- finite form of the verb, Prp- personal pronoun, A- adjective, Nu-numeral; semi-notinal parts of speech are marked with little letters: Copula-c-link verb. On the base of those symbols we can express the following componential models:

References

[1] M. Giro-Weber. Classification of a simple sentence in modern Russian, 1979. [2] G.A.Zolotova Essay on the functional syntax of the Russian language. Moscow, 1973. [3] Ashurov Sh.S. Case typology in English and Uzbek languages. Tashkent, 2007 [4] Mukhin. A. M. The structure of sentences and their models. Leningrad, 1968 [5] Mukhin A.M. Syntaxeme analysis and the problem of language levels. Leningrad, 1980. [6] V.Z. Kaushanskaya and others. English grammar. L.1973. [7] I.P.Ivanova Theoretical grammar of the English language”, Moscow, 1981 [8] B.A.Ilyish The structure of modern English, Leningrad, 1971.

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Kobil Egamnazarov . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.