Smart Accident Prevention System Using Wireless Technology

Abstract

This research presents a Smart Helmet integrating tilt, gyro, touch, RF433, I2C, LCD, Arduino, LED, and buzzer technologies. Tilt and gyro sensors monitor head movements for accident prevention. A touch sensor allows hands-free control, while RF433 enables wireless communication. I2C ensures seamless sensor integration. Arduino manages data processing, safety algorithms, and device control. The LCD displays critical information, and LED and buzzer provide real-time alerts. The system enhances user safety, communication, and situational awareness in industrial, sports, and emergency contexts. The study includes prototype design, implementation, and testing, contributing to intelligent wearable device development.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The world's road accident rate has alarmingly increased in recent years due to the rapidly expanding transportation technologies and the rapidly growing number of vehicles on the road. There is an urgent need for creative ways to reduce the frequency and severity of traffic accidents because developing countries like India are suffering greatly as a result of this spike. A promising strategy for accident prevention and quick detection has been the incorporation of smart technologies into cars and safety equipment. In this study, we investigate a comprehensive safety framework that integrates tilt sensors and gyroscopes into cars for real-time accident detection, together with the use of smart helmets for accident avoidance. The Strategy aims to enhance road safety by addressing critical aspects of accident prevention. Our suggested method relies heavily on the Smart Helmet, which uses state-of-the-art technology to make sure riders follow safety regulations. Not only is it required by law in many places, but wearing a helmet is a basic safety precaution that has been shown to dramatically lessen the severity of injuries sustained in an accident. Including a tilt sensor and gyroscope pair makes it easier to evaluate the vehicle's spatial dynamics in detail. Gyroscopes monitor the vehicle's rotational speed and angular velocity, whereas tilt sensors measure the vehicle's inclination or tilt. When combined, these sensors offer a comprehensive picture of the vehicle's orientation at any given time. This vast amount of data is handled by a microprocessor in our proposed system, which analyzes and interprets the data instantly. As the central nervous system of the system, the microcontroller continuously evaluates the tilt and rotation data to ascertain whether the vehicle is being driven within safe operating limits. The rider receives rapid alerts from the system in the event that it detects any deviations from predetermined safety thresholds.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

A increasing worry over the global problem of road traffic accidents is revealed by the literature review, with specific attention paid to the startling rise in accidents that has occurred in Ghana since 2017. In addition to stressing the importance of driver fatigue as a significant contributing factor, the report also highlights the necessity of effective preventive measures. Citing U.S. statistics, the poll emphasizes the frequency of events involving sleepy driving and pinpoints important contributing variables, including weariness, excessive speeding, overtaking, overloading, and poor road maintenance. The depressing numbers highlight the need for creative solutions even in the face of current technologies, which is why the suggested system makes use of wireless technology, eye blink sensors, and automated brakes. [1]

The literature review highlights the issue of road safety on a global scale, with the 2014 Global Status Report indicating an alarming 1.24 million road deaths globally each year. The fact that driver weariness is a major factor in accidents highlights the necessity of technology in accident avoidance systems. In order to solve this issue, the article suggests three circuits for accident prevention and control: a brake failure detection circuit, an alcohol sensor circuit for tracking and regulating alcohol consumption, and an accelerometer circuit for detecting tiredness. The research is in line with the need to create novel approaches to mitigate the negative effects of intoxication and sleepiness on traffic safety. [2]

The essential issue of road accidents in hazardous terrains—especially mountain roads, T roads, and narrow paths—that result in considerable fatalities and financial losses in developing nations is brought to light by the literature review. The goal of the suggested car accident prevention system is to solve vision problems that drivers encounter when making U-turns and hairpin curves, which might result in accidents. The study highlights the severity of accidents on steep terrains, where prompt intervention is vital, with a focus on specific risky highways worldwide. The difficulty in recovering vehicles, closing narrow roads following collisions, and the necessity of efficient accident prevention strategies in these difficult terrains are among the issues that have been recognized. [3]

The literature review highlights the urgent need for sophisticated transportation safety measures by highlighting the global problem of traffic risks and accidents. The study offers a two-phase approach for accident detection and prevention that makes use of IR sensors and Arduino Uno technology. A variety of technologies, such as IoT, VANETS, and microcontroller-based systems, are highlighted in existing efforts that target road safety. There is exploration of notable innovations including Internet of Vehicles (IoV), Internet of Things (IoT), and Smart Cities. In order to reduce traffic dangers, the study highlights the importance of technologies like wireless communication, embedded systems, and sensor networks. Two important goals are preventing accidents by warning drivers about nearby vehicles and providing accident information via SMS. [4]

The literature study highlights the growing issue of road accidents in developing countries, especially India, and highlights the important contribution of two-wheelers to the rising death toll. In light of the 1.25 million road deaths that occur worldwide each year, the research suggests an intelligent system for two-wheeler accident identification and prevention. The study highlights the high rate of accidents caused by insufficient training facilities, inexperienced drivers, and bad road conditions. It also proposes a solution that includes an accelerometer-based accident detection system and a Smart Helmet equipped with alcohol detection. The project attempts to address important concerns such as wearing a helmet, accidents caused by drinking, and receiving emergency medical attention. [5]

III. METHODOLOGY

The suggested solution combines a tilt sensor and gyroscope-based vehicle safety mechanism with a Smart Helmet for vehicle ignition. A touch sensor that interfaces with an RF transmitter is integrated into the helmet to implement the Smart Helmet. Wireless communication is established between the RF transmitter and an RF receiver that is linked to an Arduino microcontroller within the vehicle. The Arduino turns on the vehicles ignition when the touch sensor is triggered via RF connection. The vehicle has a tilt sensor and gyroscope installed at the same time, which work together to continuously send orientation data to the Arduino. This data is processed in real-time by the microcontroller, which sets safe levels in advance. The device prevents accidents by providing the rider with rapid visual and audio alerts in the event of unsafe tilting or irregular vehicle alignment.

The construction of the proposed safety system involves the integration of a Smart Helmet and vehicle components to establish a comprehensive accident prevention mechanism. The Smart Helmet incorporates a touch sensor and RF transmitter, enabling wireless communication with an RF receiver connected to an Arduino microcontroller within the vehicle. Simultaneously, the vehicle is equipped with tilt sensors and gyroscopes continuously sending orientation data to the Arduino. This data undergoes real-time processing by the microcontroller, which sets predefined safe levels for tilting and vehicle alignment. The system includes security measures, such as user-defined passwords and the deletion of incoming SMS for protection. Rigorous testing ensures proper execution, and the dual-layered safety system issues immediate visual and audio alerts to the rider based on critical spatial dynamics, demonstrating the feasibility of a comprehensive safety approach encompassing both rider-specific actions and vehicle operational parameters for enhanced road safety. Working of system starts with activation. The system begins with the user wearing the Smart Helmet, which is equipped with a touch sensor. The touch sensor is integrated into the helmet and interfaces with an RF transmitter. The RF transmitter establishes wireless communication with an RF receiver located in the vehicle. This communication is facilitated by a predefined mobile phone number dialed from the user's mobile phone. Upon successful communication, the RF receiver, connected to an Arduino microcontroller in the vehicle, receives the signal. The Arduino processes the signal and triggers the vehicle's ignition system. Simultaneously, the vehicle is equipped with a tilt sensor and gyroscope, continuously sending orientation data to the Arduino. The Arduino processes the real-time data from the tilt sensor and gyroscope, evaluating the vehicle's orientation. The microcontroller sets predefined safe levels for tilting and vehicle alignment based on the processed data. If the system detects unsafe tilting or irregular vehicle alignment, it triggers immediate visual and audio alerts. For security purposes, the system is password-protected, ensuring that only authorized users can send commands.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The successful integration of a Smart Helmet, touch sensor technology, and sophisticated sensors such as tilt sensors and gyroscopes within the vehicle has proven to be a groundbreaking advancement in the realm of road safety. The touch sensor's seamless communication with the Arduino microcontroller, facilitated by an RF transmitter and receiver, exemplifies a user-friendly and efficient method for initiating vehicle activation. Moreover, the tilt sensor and gyroscope contribute to a robust real-time monitoring system, continuously providing essential data on the vehicle's orientation.

This multifaceted approach not only ensures the rider's immediate safety through preemptive alerts but also establishes a pivotal bridge between cutting-edge technology and practical road safety applications. The integration of such intelligent systems not only enhances the overall safety of road users but also underscores the potential for transformative advancements in the field of intelligent transportation systems. As we move forward, the success of this dual-layered safety system paves the way for further innovations, potentially reshaping the landscape of road safety practices and fostering a culture of responsible driving supported by state-of-the-art technology.

V. FUTURE SCOPE

While the current system lays a strong foundation for road safety, future enhancements could include a GPS module for real-time tracking, automatic emergency alerts via collision sensors, and fatigue detection. Integrating AI and IoT may improve accident prediction, enabling cooperative prevention strategies. This research sets the stage for an era of intelligent transportation prioritizing well-being, emergency response, and accident avoidance.

Conclusion

To sum up, our study represents a paradigm change in traffic safety through the integration of proactive measures and real-time feedback mechanisms. The Smart Helmet\'s function of regulating vehicle ignition is in line with tilt sensors and gyroscopes\' proactive approach to accident avoidance. Our strategy helps to create a safer and more secure transportation environment by encouraging responsible driving and utilizing technology for quick alerts. This combination of cutting-edge technologies has the power to completely transform road safety in the future by encouraging a responsible driving culture that benefits all users of the road.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Kishori Degoankar, Sarish Kad, Anant Khot, Vaishanavi Mahindrakar, Meet Nahar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.