Smart System of Potholes Detection

Abstract

We are resorting to grow a productive path surface tracking system for self acting pothole detection. This is an economical solution for the road safety motive. System will assist to escape accidents and can be used to identify problem areas early. Badly managed pavements are an actuality of life in most growing countries counting India. We are going to create a constructive road surface monitoring system using IOT technology using ESP8266 wifi controller and Ultrasonic sensor for detecting pothole identification. Automated pothole detection is our centre in the system.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

We are going to develop an effective road surface monitoring system for automated path hole detection. This is an economical solution for the road safety motive. This will assist to avoid accidents and can be used to identify problem areas early. The authorities can be alerted to take preemptive actions; preemptive actions can reduce money. Badly maintained roads are a fact of life in most developing countries including India. A good maintained pavement web is a necessity for the comfort and the growth of any country. So that we are developing a productive pavement surface monitoring system. Self-acting pothole detection is our target in the system. This is the first ever system for pothole detection. In this we are using a wireless sensor network. This is the first ever system for pothole detection. In this we are using a wireless sensor network.

1. This is an economical solution for the road safety purpose.
2. We are going to develop a efficacious  road surface monitoring system for automated pothole detection.
3. System will assist to prevent mishap and can utilize to pick out problem areas untimely.

A. Project Objective

The significant work of the proposed system contributes to making sure that vehicles have a safe journey in terms of potholes. The sensing unit calculates the depth parameter of the road surface so according to the threshold value and depth parameter it shows if there is a pothole or not.

Pothole detection system consists of three units :

B. Server Unit

The server unit is nothing but the datasets as the system. It is a transitional layer linking sensing and user units. Its function is to keep the updated data received by the sensing unit and deliver it to the requested user unit whenever needed. This unit can also be updated regularly for accurate data related to the potholes and humps.

C. Sensing Unit

This model consists of a processor, ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04). The distance between the body of the vehicle part and the pavement surface is measured with the use of an ultrasonic sensor. A doorstep number is put just like that number depending on the ground clearance of the car body. The calculated distance is compared with the doorstep number to discernment hump. If the measured distance is more when compared with the doorstep number, then it is divided to be a pothole, and if the calculated distance is stubby then it is classified to be a hump. The objective of the proposed system is achieved by involving valuable techniques like ultra sensor units.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

X. Jianfang,Q. Hanxing, Z. Wei,H. Youquan and W. Jian, A research of pavement potholes detection depends on three-dimensional  change, the paper was developed a model using the optical imaging principle of 3-dimensional projection change through accurately gathering cross-section illustrated details of potholes in pothole detection. It utilizes numerous automated image handling techniques like image handling, compensation and binarization, gathered and coordinated in the sequence of image examination and handling[1].

In the above paper  writer [2] suggested a technique of pothole structure based on the bear Vector Machine. It is a texture measure which draws Histograms removed as the characteristics of the image area, and the non-linear bear vector machine is enhanced to examine whether a pivot region is a pothole or not. With the help of an algorithm which recognizes the potholes of the pavement is proposed.

S. Mathavan, S. Usman, K. Kamal, M. Rahman andI. Moazzam, Detection of potholes utilizing  Kinect sensor, in this paper suggested a replica in which a Kinect sensor is used for pothole observation. kinetic sensors gather the straight depth computations, too bring down measuring prices in the system. Netting is created for the prominent imagination of potholes on the way. Region of the pothole is analyzed with the assistance of deepness. The suitable capacity of the pothole is correctly computed using trapezoidal regulation on region deepness bend via road likeness examination. In forward potholes measures  are found. [3].

P. Goyal,S. Rode, P. Kulkarni,S. S. Vijay, and K. Arya, Pothole monitorial and finding method: With economic development bear and method plan. In this specific work have explained a method in which forthcoming automation Wireless-Fidelity found planning for pothole noticing and monitoring process which assist the traveller in disregarding the pothole on the way by early caution details. The method has numerous entryways which are found on the pavements edges for transmitting details, which can be gathered by Wireless-Fidelity allowed carry vehicles as they probe the region covered by the entryways' effect. The use is an amalgamation in the vehicle so as to clock the motorist in the form of a figured indicator, phonic indicator[4].

V. Goll ,R.sundar and S. Hebbar [5] this literature refers to every single vehicle provided with a certain radio frequency identification (RFID) label which makes it infeasible to pull out or demolish. If the RFID-label peruse exists to the purloin vehicle, then a text is sent via GSM SIM to the police control room. In addition , when an ambulance passes across the junction, it will notify the traffic controller in the junction to switch on the green indicator.

In this system the cellular entry point collects the details regarding potholes and throws these details to BMC using a cellular transmitting system. Trade retainer that gathers the ecological statistics also has an accelerator that can figure out both the vertical and the horizontal acceleration. It is mainly used in accident detection systems [6].

Seung-Ki Ryu and Taehyeong Kim,[7] A recommendation for Pothole categorization, in this suggested paper grouping of potholes is stated to describe. Potholes are abridged with the assistance of location, length, shape and depth. There is more literature which offers numerous techniques to pothole detection and offers finer study and road standard with early inspection and straight away activity. A specific way is required for growing a categorisation recommendation for assisting the resolution-building system of pothole mend.

III. BLOCK DIAGRAM

In the suggested model, the system can provide information related to  the pothole for road safety reasons. The major system is divided into the four subsystems: the sensing subsystem, the data processing subsystem, the logging and reporting system and the power subsystem. Power subsystem starts the vehicle and it provoke the sensors and data processing module to start working . The data processing module will observe the information from the sensors and output pothole data to the reporting and logging subsystem.

Our system has mainly four modules as follows-:

1. Mobile Application Module: Users get the disturbance in road related alerts starting from the system for safety.
2. Server Module: The server module is the database of the proposed system. It is situated in between sensing and mobile application modules. Its features is to collect and store the recent  information collected from the sensor and supply it to the user whenever needed. The proposed model module can also be used frequently for information related to the potholes.
3. Microcontroller Module: The module is used for coordination of hardware and servers.
4. Sensing Module: The model has, Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04). The distance between physical objects and disturbance on the road . A beginning value is set in such a way that the value is established on ground clearance of the vehicle. The (depth parameter) is correlated with the beginning value to discover a pothole. If the measured distance is greater when correlated with the beginning value, then it is differentiated to be a pothole, and if the calculated distance is less, then it is classified to be a lump.

IV. RESULT

V. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I am glad to express my thankfulness and gratitude to each and every individual who believed and constantly spread positivity regarding completion of the project. And important and special thanks to Prof. S.S.Nikam whose help, important advice and motivation and encouragement, helped us to gather my paper especially in writing this important  report.

Conclusion

Noticing the latest road condition, there is so much need for a system that warns the driver about the pothole in journeys. The suggested system focuses on delivering information to the driver about potholes. It is a most preferable and affordable option for the road safety. This will help to minimize accidents and can be used to detect potholes early. In the advanced countries where modernized economic growth and best technology have increased to give effect on the quality of ancient transport systems over smart transportation systems.

References

[1] H. Youquan, W. Jian, Q. Hanxing, Z. Wei, and X. Jianfang, A research of pavement potholes detection based on three-dimensional projection transformation, in Proc. 4th Int. Congr. Image Signal Process (CISP), Oct. 2011, pp. 18051808. [2] J. Lin and Y. Liu, Potholes detection based on SVM in the pavement distress image, in Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Distrib. Comput. Appl. Bus. Eng. Sci., Aug. 2010, pp. 544 547. [3] I. Moazzam, K. Kamal, S. Mathavan, S. Usman, and M. Rahman, Metrology and visualization of potholes using the microsoft Kinect sensor, in Proc. 16th Int. IEEE Conf. Intell. Transp. Syst., Oct. 2013, pp. 12841291. [4] S. S. Rode, S. Vijay, P. Goyal, P. Kulkarni, and K. Arya, Pothole detection and warning system: Infrastructure support, in Proc. Int. Conf. Electron. Comput. Technol., Feb. 2009, pp. 286290. [5] R. Sundar, S. Hebbar, and V. Golla, Implementing intelligent traffic control system for congestion control, ambulance clearance, and stolen vehicle detection, IEEE Sensors J., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 11091113, Feb. 2015. [6] Samyak Kathane, Vaibhav Kambli, Tanil Patel and Rohan Kapadia, Real Time Potholes Detection and Vehicle Accident Detection and Reporting System and Anti-theft IJETT, Vol. 21, No. 4, March 2015. [7] Taehyeong Kim, Seung-Ki Ryu, A Guideline for Pothole Classification, International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), Vol. 4, No. 10, October 2014. [8] Gunjan Chugh, Divya Bansal and Sanjeev Sofat, Road Condition Detection Using Smartphone Sensor: A Survey, International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 6, 2014. . [9] and P. S. Hiremath,Jyoti Y. Kulkarni and Ajit Danti, An Image Processing Approach to Detect Lanes, Potholes and Recognize Road Signs in Indian Roads, International Journal of Modeling and Optimization, Vol. 2, No. 6, December 2012. [10] uangtao Xue, Hongzi Zhu, Zhenxian Hu, Wen Zhuo, Chao Yang, Yanmin Zhu, Jiadi Yu, Yuan Luo, Pothole in the Dark: Perceiving Pothole Proles with Participatory Urban Vehicles , 1536-1233 (c) 2016 IEEE. [11] Rajeshwari Madli, Santosh Hebbar, Praveenraj Pattar, and Varaprasad Golla, Automatic Detection and Notification of Potholes and Humps on Roads to Aid Drivers, IEEE Sensors J., Vol. 15, No. 8, August 2015.

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Rutuja Brahmankar, Shruti Chemate, Aditi Deshmukh. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.