Smart-Waste Management System Based On Arduino and Motion Sensors

Abstract

Smart-Waste Management System involves the collection of the waste generated in separate dustbins that are equipped with Arduino based automated system. The segregation of the waste will be done by the IoT based system; the sensor will detect and segregate the waste into recyclable and non-recyclable waste. As with the increment in population the amount of garbage generation per year is increasing as well. Most of the garbage generated is left untreated and the garbage dumping places and garbage dumpsters are becoming more unhygienic and polluted. After the COVID-19 pandemic many people prefer contact less interaction. Automated-dustbins are the best ways to deal with this situation. The dustbins will be controlled by Arduino components allowing it to open when waste is detected; it will also notify the garbage collector when the dustbin capacity is full and the waste needs to be collected. So thus, the garbage collector need not to go collect the garbage unnecessarily. Secondly, after the waste is collected the wet garbage is being dumped and buried underground whereas the dry garbage needs to be segregated on the basis of recyclable and non-recyclable waste. The waste segregation is based on the sensor and system based on IoT that allows to segregate the waste into categories like wet, metallic, paper-plastics, etc. These will lead to save of fuel and time, at the same time automated system will lead to contactless collection of waste and segregation of waste will help to treat waste properly, classify them into categories and proceed them for further processes. This way the amount of unprocessed and untreated waste will get reduced to some extent; resulting in less pollution.

Introduction

I.  INTRODUCTION

India is considered in the world’s top 10 countries that generates municipal solid waste (MSW) because of rapid development and urbanization and economic growth of the country. The Energy and Resources Institute(TERI) reported that India typically generates 63 million tones(NT) of waste annually, and that amount is rising daily due to the country’s expanding population. Only 43 million tons (70%)of the waste is collected by the municipal corporation, with 31 million tons are simply discarded in landfill sites or dumpsters and 12 million tons are treated before disposal; and on average the number is still changing. It is expected that the average waste generation will have increment of approximately 165 million tons by 2030. Thus from the data we can conclude that the most of the waste remains untreated and does not get collected. Inadequate waste management practices, including inadequate collection, transportation, and disposal, have emerged as significant contributors to environmental contributors to environmental, public health, and hygiene issues in the country.. With the growth in population, industrialization, and development in various fields pollution and waste generation still stands the major problem; resulting in global warming, depletion of natural resources, unhealthy environment and many more. Though there are several measures have been taken for these, untreated waste and the resulting problems by that is still a major problem in our country. Unhygienic environment near garbage dumpster, overflowing garbage, growing bacteria and insects, improper timing for the collection of the waste, are some of the problems that are still faced today.

Till date there are several research and projects based on waste segregation and optimization. There are even projects on Smart-waste management that collects separate waste and segregate it for further process. There were projects for the separate collection of waste, automatic lid-system for the dustbin, waste segregation of waste and few more. The segments of the Indian solid waste management market are collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. Due to inadequate infrastructure for collection and transportation, the collection and transportation sector accounts for the majority of the market. Our country still faces the problem of proper waste management and collection issue till date. There is defined system that identifies the fullness of litter in the smart-bin and delivers the message to the wireless mesh network as per the described in the paper[1]; due to such information the cleanliness workers are able to make wise decision. The introduction of an Arduino-based smart trashcan for waste management systems include an alarm system that uses LED blinking to provide information about dustbin disposal. At the top of the trash can is an ultrasonic sensor that, according to the research, calculates the distance from the bottom to the proper acquired level[2].

To overcome this the project introduced is based on the smart waste collection as well as the segregation and disposal of the waste. The waste collection, transportation and treatment is to be processed. As it involves technology and automated equipment, it will make the process easier, automated and the environment more hygienic. As with the development in our age we need automated systems for the collection of waste as it can help us to keep the environment clean and hygienic; and the process of waste collection and segregation will be more relevant and faster.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

1. Efficient waste Collection: Implementation of smart dustbins with the notification level and real-time fill status of the bin will result in more efficient waste collection processes; and will help the authorities to prioritize tasks and collection based on the data collected.
2. Impact on Environment: The real-time data of the bin level helps significantly in reducing the overflowing of the bin; resulting in the cleaner and litter free environment(reduced environmental pollution).
3. Challenges and Limitations: Technological acceptance with up-to-date methods are important and should be taken into consideration. People’s response and feedback as well as the basic knowledge about the system and it’s acceptance among them should be made. Moreover using this technology at greater extent is a little difficult at the beginning.

IV. FUTURE SCOPE

A. Waste Optimization

1. Efficiency: Smart dustbins provide real-time data on the status of the time. So there is no need for the collection for partially filled and empty dustbins, saving time and resources.
2. Cost Saving: Reduce fuel consumption, efficient management and resources will help the municipal corporation for better work and improvement.

B. Public Health and Hygiene

1. Disease Prevention: Improper dumping of garbage and overflooding of garbage in the bins are avoided; that helps to reduce spreading of diseases and unhygienic environment.
2. Timely Collection: As the collector is notified about the condition of the bin, the bin gets collected before over-flooding.

C. Technological advancements and integration with Smart cities:

1. IoT integration: Smart bins can get integrated into citied with large population and waste generation; contributing to the efficiency of urban environments.
2. Interconnected Systems: Integration with advance technology can lead to the development and advancement of smart cities.
3. Battery Efficiency: To extend the battery life of the smart bins, improvement in battery technology can be made.
4. Technological Innovations: Advancements in sensor technology and advance coding can lead to more accurate fill level monitoring.

Conclusion

This paper describes an automated smart waste management system using a gesture sensor and Arduino components (which can be expanded upon dependent on needs). We have demonstrated the above system\'s use and implementation, along with its advantages for our society. These papers have addressed and emphasised the growing population and its effects on several aspects such as waste collection, disposal, and generation, and most significantly, public health and hygiene. These projects give waste collectors access to a methodical waste management system that facilitates the collection and segregation of waste produced and collected, improving litter treatment and lowering the amount of waste that overflows dumpsters. People will consider this idea more convenient considering it implements a contactless method.

References

[1] Fachmin Folianto “Smart-bin: Smart Waste Management System” 2015 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP). [2] Badri Narayan Mohapatra, Pranav Shirapuri “Arduino Based Smart Dustbin for Waste Management System”, Perspective Communication, Embedded systems and Signal-Processing (PICES)- An International Journal. [3] Wesley pereira, Saurabh Parulkar, Sopan Phaltankar, Vijaya Kamble, “Smart Bin (Waste Segregation and Optimisation).” 2019 IEEE. [4] V. Sowndharya, P. Savitha, S. Hebziba Jeba Rani, “Smrt Waste Segregation and Monitoring System using IoT.” 2019 International Research Journal Of Multidisciplinary Technovation (IRJMT). [5] Supriya Sarker, Md. Sajedur Rahman, Md. Jahirul Islam, Dipta Sikder, Ashraful Alam, “Energy saving smart waste segregation and notification system”. 2020 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (Tensymp). [6] Belal Chowdhury, Morshed U. Chowdhury “RFID-based Real-time Smart Waste Management System.” 2007 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference.

Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Anita S. Joshi, Niraj Ukare, Raksha Urade, Vijay Ughade, Prabhakar Uparkar, Rohan Uplenchwar, Utkarsh Patil. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.