Design of Two-Wheeler Hybrid Electric Vehicle using MATLAB-Simulink

Abstract

This report presents the design and structural analysis of a go-kart using PTC Creo for CAD modelling and ANSYS for finite element analysis (FEA). The aim is to develop a low-cost, comfortable, and durable go-kart with an optimized frame design. The study involves the application of design principles and advanced simulation tools to ensure the go-kart meets safety and performance standards. The best frame design was identified through iterative testing and analysis, focusing on weight distribution, material selection, and structural integrity. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the design procedure and good strength for a Roll cage. This project emphasizes on the practical and engineering applications of the subjects Vehicle Dynamics and Automotive Technology.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

As per the name a Golf Kart is designed to run and maneuver on different terrains or in other words, we can say that a Golf kart is designed especially for off-roading purpose. In off-roading conditions, we come across various loads which are finally transmitted to the frame. Frame is most important part of an automobile as all mountings and assemblies are done on frame itself, so it becomes necessary for a Go-Kart frame to sustain both static and dynamic loads. In this study we have put forward a proper methodology for designing and analyzing the frame before the Go-Kart is tested on vigorous terrains and conditions. Various types of frames are used depending on the type of loading which they will undergo, for example a ladder frame is used in heavy commercial vehicles where load has to be transferred from one place to another, similarly there are other types such as monocoque, ULSAB, tubular space frame etc. among these tubular space frames is one which we have considered for designing our Go-Kart because it provides multi-directional impact safety as well as it is easier in fabrication.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Shaik Him am Saheb, Rav Sandeep Kumar Kona, Md. Hameed, July – August (2016) in IJEAST, the design and construction for GO-KART DESIGN CHALLENGE 2015 has become more challenging due to the increased participation. Our team is participating for the first time in this event so a detailed study of various automotive systems is taken as our approach. Thus, this report provides a clear insight in design and analysis of our vehicle The making of this report has helped us in learning of various software. We want to give a vote of Thank you in this regard as GKDC competition has given as this opportunity to learn many things which will also help us in leading a bright future.
2. Anjul Chauhan, Lalit Naagar, Sparsh Chawla, September (2016), We used the finite element analysis system to evaluate, create, and modify the best vehicle design to achieve its set goals. The main goal was to simplify the overall design to make it more light-weight without sacrificing performance and durability. The result is a lighter, faster, and more agile vehicle that improves go kart design.
3. Sandip Godse D. A. Patel et. Al (2012). Chassis is a major component in a vehicle system. This work involved static analysis to determine key characteristics of a chassis. The static characteristics include identifying location of high stress area. Mathematical calculations were carried out to validate the static analysis.
4. K. Rajasekar, R. Saravanan P [7] et. Al Chassis is the most important structural member in the On-Road vehicles. In order to overcome more failure in the chassis structure and ensure the safety, the variable section chassis structure must be designed based on the variable loads along the length of the vehicle. The present study reviewed the literature on chassis design and presented the findings in the subsequent sections.
5. Sangeetha Krishnamoorthi, L. Prabhu, MD Shadan, Harsh Raj, Nadeem Akram, September (2020), The material AISI 1018 was selected for chassis frame and the overview of choosing this material was provided awfully. The effect of the impact test done on front, side and rear was provided to understand the total deformation occurred in each case. Since the use of electric vehicles is gaining more attention, this paper gave the detailed analysis of the values obtained while using the electric motor in the Go Kart. The speed achieved by using the motor was about 59.32 km/hr, with a driving force of 121.25 N and acceleration of 0.93 m /s_2. Since the future is bright for electric vehicles as the world is shifting to renewable energy from non-renewable ones.

    III. MATERIAL SELECTION

Low-cost roll cage was provided through material selection and incorporating more continuous members with bends rather than a collection of members welded together to reduce manufacturing costs. One of the key design decisions of our frame that greatly increases the safety, reliability and performance in any automobile design is material selection. While selecting the material there are some limitations.

AISI 1018 is selected for the chassis because of the following reasons

1. Machinability
2. Weld ability
3. Availability

These limitations include the method of fabrication and industry standards for the material. AISI 1018 iron pipe has been used to make the roll cage. The base of the entire vehicle is based on the roll cage; hence it must be made very strong. The frame will be built using a bent tube construction and ARC welded joints. ARC welding becomes difficult at wall thicknesses less than 0.035 inches. The tubing bender that will be used for the fabrication can bend a maximum of 1.5-inch diameter tube with a 0.120-inch wall thickness. there should be at least 0.18% of carbon content in metal. Our initial step was to conduct a market survey to have an idea of the availability of the material. Based on market survey we have chosen following material namely: - AISI 1018 steel having the properties as given below:   

Table (a) Material Property

A. Pipe Size Selection

The pipe length is 88.5 inch and height 59 inch. AISI 1018 pipe thickness 4 mm and outer diameter 25 mm this pipe total weight 63 kg.

Table (b) Pipe size Details

IV. DESIGN METHODOLOGY

The process of developing the chassis frame, a proper design method is employed. The conceptual design is first developed using sketches. Then, design and analysis of the Golf-Kart chassis and components are performed using PTC CREO Parametric 10.0.1.0 software. A mechanical framework, also known simply as a frame or chassis, is a structure composed of interconnected members designed to support or contain mechanical components. These components could include machinery, equipment, vehicles, or other systems where structural integrity is crucial. mechanical frameworks play a critical role in providing the necessary structural support and stability for various mechanical systems, ensuring their functionality, safety, and longevity.

The following design methodology was used during design:

1. Requirements
2. Design calculations and Analysis
3. Considerations
4. Testing
5. Acceptance

Conclusion

The golf kart is fabricated within allowable budgets. The designs have been validated by stress analysis using available Catia and Ansys Software. The development of the golf kart has established design for manufacturing practice. With further development and research, the golf kart is subjected for improvement. The sustainability of the design and development of the golf kart depends on the material selection, design criteria and components availability. The design of the vehicle is kept very simple keeping in view its manufacturability. Thus, at this point of time our vehicle design can be predicted to heading in correct direction. There is a lot of future work which is essentially required to fine tune the performance. The design, development and fabrication of the roll cage is carried out successfully. The roll cage is used to build a golf kart by integrating all the other automotive systems like transmission, suspension, steering, brakes and other miscellaneous elements.

References

[1] Sharmila, S., Jeyanthi Rebecca, L., GC-MS Analysis of esters of fatty acid present in biodiesel produced from Cladophora vagabunda, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, v-4, i-11, pp-4883-4887, 2012. [2] Shaik Himam Saheb, RavSandeep Kumar Kona, Md. Hameed Assistant professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology,2016 [3] Arunachalam, A.R., Bringing out the effective learning process by analyzing of E-learning methodologies, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-7, i-, pp-41-43, 2014. [4] Jaleel, I., Saikumar, P., Devak, P.R., Effect of Hb% on cognitive skills in UG medical students, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, v-7, i-7, pp-1325-1327, 2013. [5] Hanirex, D.K., Kaliyamurthie, K.P., Mining frequent itemsets using genetic algorithm, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-19, i-6, pp-807-810, 2014. [6] Jaleel, I., Saikumar, P., Devak, P.R., Effect of Hb% on cognitive skills in UG medical students, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, v-7, i-7, pp-1325-1327, 2013. [7] Hanirex, D.K., Kaliyamurthie, K.P., Mining frequent itemsets using genetic algorithm, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-19, i-6, pp-807-810, 2014. K., Kaliyamurthie, K.P., Mining frequent itemsets using genetic algorithm, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-19, i-6, pp-807-810, 2014. [8] Jeyanthi Rebecca, L., Dhanalakshmi, V., Sharmila, S., Effect of the extract of Ulva sp on pathogenic microorganisms, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, v-4, i-11, pp-4875-4878, 2012. [9] Sharmila, S., Jeyanthi Rebecca, L., GC-MS Analysis of esters of fatty acid present in biodiesel produced from Cladophora vagabunda, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, v-4, i-11, pp-4883-4887, 2012. [10] Anbuselvi, S., Rebecca, J., A comparative study on the biodegradation of coir waste by three different species of Marine cyanobacteria, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, v-5, i-12, pp-2369-2374, 2009. [11] Arunachalam, A.R., Bringing out the effective learning process by analyzing of E-learning methodologies, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-7, i-, pp-41-43, 2014. [12] Sharmila, S., Jeyanthi Rebecca, J., A comparative study on the degradation of leather industry effluent by Marine algae, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, v-25, i-2, pp-46-50, 2014. [13] Anbuselvi, V.S., Isolation and characterization of polythene degrading bacteria from polythene dumped garbage, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, v-25, i-2, pp-205-206, 2014. [14] Sharmila, S., Rebecca Jeyanthi, L., Saduzzaman, M., Biodegradation of tannery effluent using Prosopis juliflora, International Journal of ChemTech Research, v-5, i-5, pp-2186-2192, 2013. [15] Jaleel, I., Saikumar, P., Devak, P.R., Effect of Hb% on cognitive skills in UG medical students, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, v-7, i-7, pp-1325-1327, 2013.

Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Sagar Jain, Prem Prakash Pandit, Ganesh Pal Singh Jadon. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.