Study of Wetting Pattern on Drip Irrigation

Abstract

There is global consensus on food security challenge and increasing crop production to meet the demand across globe. Population growth, increasing water stress and climate variability, stresses on finding ways of getting more crop to meet our food needs, approach. One solution to this problem is the use of drip irrigation system which improves profitably by increasing crop yield and quality while reducing costs from water, energy, labour, chemical inputs and water runoff. The experiment was conducted in the Gangapada farm, Khordha, Odisha. The actual discharge of the dripper having theoretical capacity 8lph was measured and the result varied in the range of 6.8 - 8.15lph. The wetting pattern also measured by constructing three Bed having size 2.6 × 2 × 1 ft. The average wetting pattern was found of are 43.5, 36.3, 26, 12.0 cm at the depth of 0,10,20,30,40 cm respectively. The moisture content was also measured at different depth to study the variation at different depth using 8lph dripper.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Drip irrigation is the most efficient water and nutrient delivery system for growing crops, delivering water and nutrients directly to the plant's root zone in the right amount, in the right time. It has higher consistency crop yields, water saving, no evaporation, no runoff, no wastage, and 100% of land utilization. It works on low pressure, does efficient use of fertilizer and crop protection with no leaching and less dependency on weather, leading to greater stability and lower risks. The main components of a drip irrigation system include the mainline, valve, sub-main, backflow preventer, pressure regulator, filter, tubing adapters and fittings, drip tubing, emitters, and end caps. The mainline is the pipe that runs from the water source to the valve, and the sub-main runs from the valve to the point where the drip tubing is connected. The combined length of the mainline and sub-main should not exceed 400 feet. Backflow preventers are necessary to ensure that irrigation water doesn't flow back into the pipes and contaminate the main water source. Pressure regulators are needed if the water pressure is over 40 pounds per square inch. Filters keep dissolved substances in the water from clogging the emitters over time. Tubing adapters and fittings are used to attach the drip tubing to the rest of the system. Drip tubing is a polyethylene tube with emitters placed along the plants, and the length of a single drip tube should not exceed 200 feet from the point where water enters the tube. Drip irrigation is an effective way to deliver water directly to soil, reducing soil erosion and runoff. It also allows fertilizers, nutrients, and other water-soluble substances to be used, leading to higher yields and improved production results.

II.  METHODOLOGY

A. Study Area Location

This experiment was conducted on drip irrigation in a farm near coconut development board, Ganga pada, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.  The total area is about 25 acers. Papaya, drumstick and lemon etc.  Are grown there, Garlic are grown there using in the cropping and About 700 Guava plant are planted.

B. Material Required

1. Measuring tape
2. Measuring Scale
3. Sieve
4. Stop watch
5. Auger
6. Rest instruments require for texture analysis
7. Hot air oven
8. Container
9. Sensor

Conclusion

Drip irrigation is a sub-surface method of irrigating water with higher water demands in arid regions. It can achieve water conservation by reducing evaporation and deep drainage, and it can also eliminate diseases spread through water contact with the foliage. Drip irrigation is used in farms, commercial greenhouses, and residential gardeners, especially for crops and trees such as coconuts, containerized landscapetrees, grapes, bananas, pandey, eggplant, cittra, strawberries, sugarcane, cotton, maize, and potatoes. Drip kits are increasingly popular for the homeowner and consist of a timer, hose, and emitter.

References

[1] Al-Ghobari H.M. and Mohommad F.S. (2011), Intelligent Irrigation performance : evaluation and quatifiying its ability for conserving water in arid region. [2] Bhradwaj S. Goel , S. Sanga. V. and Y. Bhaskar (2018), Automatic Irrigation system with temperature monitoring. [3] Haritha T and Nallapati S. (2014), Intelligent Controlled Irrigation system. [4] Kumar N.D. Pramod S. and C. Sravani (2013), Intelligent Irrigation system. [5] Mehmet Q. and H. Bigak (2002), Modern and traditional irrigation techonolgies in the eastern mediterrian , Otawa.

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Ranil Sahoo, Loygnangsmi Sabar, Monalisa Behera, Jyotirmayee Nayak, Pradosh Manoranjan Sahoo. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.