Synthesis of 1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivative Using Appropriate Reaction Conditions

Abstract

Five membered heterocyclic rings possessing a mixture of different heteroatoms like S, N, O, etc. not only possess interesting chemical properties but also have a myriad number of biological activities. Of these, 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety and its derivatives have gained a deep interest in recent year due to their crucial role in wide variety of drugs, dyes, and other substances of high interests. The present work is focussed on the different methods of their synthesis. The review highlights the key features of their synthesis.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Heterocyclic organic compounds are those that have heteroatoms like O, N, S, or P as one of the ring members. Modern organic chemistry includes the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds as a fundamental component. One of the most important factors that determines a heterocyclic molecule's physical characteristics, reactivity, and ease of synthesis is its ring size. The most common and dominant class of heterocyclic compounds contains those with heterocyclic rings made of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur. There are many heterocyclic compounds with rings containing three to six carbons, but five and six membered rings are by far the most significant. Thiophene, furan, and pyrrole are the three most basic and extensively researched single heteroatoms with five membered heterocyclic rings. Azole, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxadiazole, etc. are examples of five-membered rings that contain two or more heteroatoms. A five-membered ring having two or more heteroatoms, one of which being Nitrogen, is described by the suffix -azole.

Due to their distinct chemical characteristics and diverse biological activities, heterocyclic rings and their many derivatives have garnered the majority of chemists' attention in recent years. These rings have also found applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Despite tremendous advancements in the study of heterocyclic ring systems, work is still being done to find new heterocyclic compounds that have strong bioactivities. Numerous heterocyclic compounds, including imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, and thiadiazole, have been the subject of research. These molecules frequently have biological effects. In the past, the thiadiazole ring has been used to bind substances like antiparasitic and antibacterial agents, and some of the resulting medicines are still in use today [1-3]. Recent studies have shown that the thiadiazole ring is a significant structural element with wide-ranging biological action.

Thiadiazole and its derivatives have received attention of researchers due to ease of synthesis, stability and wide spectrum of biological applications. Thiadiazole is a five membered heterocyclic ring system containing one sulphur and two nitrogen atoms. Thiadiazoles are derivatives of thiophene, formed by replacing the two –CH= (methine) groups by pyridine-type nitrogen (-N=).

The numbering of monocyclic azole system commences with the heteroatom from highest group in the periodic table with the element of lowest atomic number in same group. Consequently, the numbering of 1,3,4-thiadiazole 4 is done in the following manner. This designated that one sulphur atom is present in the ring.

Conclusion

1,3,4-thiadiazole and its derivatives are prepared by a variety of methods and reaction conditions. In general, different Lewis’s acids like POCl3, PPA dry ZnCl2, etc. are commonly employed to get a good yield of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its derivatives. Their role is highly crucial as dehydrating or cyclizing agents. The present work offered an insightful understanding of synthesis of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its derivatives.

References

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