A Review on Twitter Sentiment Analysis Using ML

Abstract

Social Media sites like twitter have billions of people share their opinions day by day as tweets. As tweet is characteristic short and basic way of human emotions. So, in this paper we focused on sentiment analysis of Twitter data. Most of Twitter\'s existing sentiment analysis solutions basically consider only the textual information of Twitter messages and strives to work well in the face of short and ambiguous Twitter messages. Recent studies show that patterns of spreading feelings on Twitter have close relationships with the polarities of Twitter messages. In this paper focus on how to combine the textual information of Twitter messages and sentiment dissemination models to get a better performance of sentiment analysis in Twitter data. To this end, proposed system first analyses the diffusion of feelings by studying a phenomenon called inversion of feelings and find some interesting properties of the reversal of feelings. Therefore, we consider the interrelations between the textual information of Twitter messages and the patterns of diffusion of feelings, and propose random forest machine learning to predict the polarities of the feelings expressed in Twitter messages. As far as we know, this work is the first to use sentiment dissemination models to improve Twitter\'s sentiment analysis. Numerous experiments in the real-world dataset show that, compared to state-of-the-art text-based analysis algorithms.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Twitter, a popular micro blogging service around the world, has shaped and transformed the way people get information from the people or organizations that interest them. On Twitter, users can post status update messages, called tweets, to tell their followers what they are thinking, what they are doing or what is happening around them. In addition, users can interact with another user by replying or republishing their tweets. Since its creation in 2008, Twitter has become one of the largest online social media platforms in the world. Given the increasing amount of data available from Twitter, the polarity of the feelings of mining users expressed in Twitter messages has become a hot research topic due to its wide applications. For example, in analysing the polarities of Twitter users on political parties and candidates, different tools have been developed to provide strategies for political elections. Commercial companies also use Twitter sentiment analysis as a quick and effective way to monitor people's feelings about their products and brands. This analysis is done by looking for opinions or sentiments from several sentences or tweets obtained. Therefore, this stack of text data in Twitter is quite valuable because it stores valuable information. To uncover this information, data mining needs to be done using certain techniques. Mining this data can be done using text mining techniques which can be combined also using the Natural Language Pre-processing approach. Furthermore, important data that has been mined needs to be determined by the type of sentiment. This is done by using analytical sentiments. Twitter is one type of social media that is often used. Users use Twitter to convey their Twitter to the general public. The number of Twitter users has reached 330 million people worldwide and every second produces 18000 data. The chirp delivered can be in the form of news, opinions, arguments, and several other types of sentences. This causes twitter to be rich in text that has certain data. In general, someone wants opinions from other people as input to determine decisions. This opinion can be done by asking directly. By asking directly, it takes time and effort to meet people who are believed to ask. Another way is to get opinions from Twitter. Opinions in the form of tweets provided by Twitter with a large amount. However, this opinion must be distinguished based on the type of positive, negative, and neutral opinions. In addition, these tweets have not been grouped according to the categories you want to find. So, it is still widespread and necessary.

II. RELATED WORK

1. S. Symeonidis, D. Effrosynidis, and A. Arampatzis: Sentiment analysis in microblogging platforms is an essential tool for research and business applications. The analysis of human sentiment and the understanding of human writings by machine learning processes help us to extract useful conclusions about human behavior. Pre-processing is the first step in text Sentiment Analysis, and the use of appropriate techniques can improve classification effectiveness using Linear SVC, Bernoulli Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, and Convolutional Neural Networks algorithms. However, this paper worked on lemmatization, removing numbers, and replacing contractions techniques and detection accuracy is low.
2. J. Zhao and X. Gui: This paper discussed the effects of text pre-processing method on sentiment classification performance in two types of classification tasks, and summed up the classification performances of six pre-processing methods using two feature models and four classifiers on five Twitter datasets. However, author worked on static twitter data that’s why training performance is low.
3. X. Zhang, D.-D. Han, R. Yang, and Z. Zhang: In this paper author study the empirical data that crawled from Twitter to describe the topology and information spreading dynamics of Online Social Networks. Propose a measurement with three measures to state the efforts of users on Twitter to get their information spreading, based on the unique mechanisms for information retransmission on Twitter. It is noticed that small fraction of users with special performance on participation can gain great influence, while most other users play a role as middleware during the information propagation. However, removing the incomplete data will cause the loss ofinformation of user profile and user action.
4. K. Schouten and F. Frasincar: This paper introduced Overview of the state-of-the-art in aspect level sentiment analysis presented in this survey, it is clear that the field is transcending its early stages. While in some cases, a holistic approach is presented that is able to jointly perform aspect detection and sentiment analysis, in others dedicated algorithms for each of those two tasks are provided. Most approaches that are described in this survey are using machine learning to model language, which is not surprising given the fact that language is a non-random, very complex phenomenon for which a lot of data is available. However, this paper introduces state of the art methods on sentiments analysis.
5. S. Tsugawa and H. Ohsaki: They investigated the relation between the sentiment of a tweet and its virality in terms of diffusion volume and speed by analyzing 4.1 million tweets on Twitter. They used the number of retweets and N-retweet time as measures of tweet virality. They found that negative tweets spread more widely than positive and neutral tweets, and that negative tweets spread faster than positive and neutral tweets when the diffusion volume was large. However, author worked on relation between the sentiment of each tweet and its virality. The relation feature approach is very difficult to calculate.
6. S. M. Mohammad and S. Kiritchenko: In this paper, compare the performance of several word and character-based recurrent and convolutional neural networks with the performance on bag-of-words. We also investigate the transferability of the final hidden state representations between different classifications of emotions, and whether it is possible to build a unison model for predicting all of them using a shared representation. However, author worked on bag of words techniques.
7. B. Plank and D. Hovy: This paper focuses on studying two fundamental NLP tasks, Discourse Parsing and Sentiment Analysis. The development of three independent recursive neural nets: two for the key sub-tasks of discourse parsing, namely structure prediction and relation prediction; the third net for sentiment prediction. However, this work is carried out manually so it is time consuming and expensive.
8. S. M. Mohammad, X. Zhu, S. Kiritchenko, and J. Martin: In this paper explored an application of deep recurrent neural networks to the task of sentence-level opinion expression extraction. DSEs (direct subjective expressions) consist of explicit mentions of private states or speech events expressing private states; and ESEs (expressive subjective expressions) consist of expressions that indicate sentiment, emotion, etc., without explicitly conveying them. However, Mainly Time consuming and resource consuming for the system.
9. J. Bollen, H. Mao, and X.-J. Zeng: In this paper analyse electoral tweets for more subtly expressed information such as sentiment (positive or negative), the emotion (joy, sadness, anger, etc.), the purpose or intent behind the tweet (to point out a mistake, to support, to ridicule, etc.), and the style of the tweet (simple statement, sarcasm, hyperbole, etc.).There are two sections: on annotating text for sentiment, emotion, style, and categories such as purpose, and on automatic classifiers for detecting these categories.
10. S. M. Mohammad and P. D. Turney: In this paper, investigate whether public mood as measured from large-scale collection of tweets posted on twitter.com is correlated or even predictive of DJIA values. The results show that changes in the public mood state can indeed be tracked from the content of large-scale Twitter feeds by means of rather simple text processing techniques and that such changes respond to a variety of socio-cultural drivers in a highly differentiated manner. However, first drawback is Low barrier to creating accounts and second is Weak defences, slow response.

III. EXISTING SYSTEM

Lot of work has been done in this field because of its extensive usage and applications. In this section, some of the approaches which have been implemented to achieve the same purpose are mentioned. These works are majorly differentiated by the algorithm for twitter sentiment analysis systems.

As my point of view when I studied the papers the issues are related to twitter sentiment analysis systems. Social media, such as Twitter and Facebook, users post many messages including their opinions and feelings. One of the most successful social media, Twitter, allows users to post tweets. Twitter sentiment analysis basically only considers the textual information of Twitter messages, but ignores sentiment diffusion information.

IV. PROPOSED APPROACHES

Proposed sentiment diffusion on Twitter by investigating sentiment reversal, the phenomenon that a tweet and its retweet have different sentiment polarities. We analyse the properties of sentiment reversals, and propose a sentiment reversal prediction model.

To predict the sentiment polarity of each Twitter message, we propose an iterative algorithm called SentiDiff, which takes the inter-relationships between textual information of Twitter messages and sentiment diffusion patterns into consideration. Given a tweet and its retweet, if their sentiment polarities predicted by textual information-based sentiment classifier are consistent with the prediction result of sentiment reversal, the probability of messages to be classified correctly by textual information based sentiment classifier will increase. Otherwise, the probability will decrease. In this way, sentiment reversals can be combined with textual information of Twitter messages.

Conclusion

Polarity of mining sentiments expressed in Twitter messages is a significant and challenging task. Most existing Twitter sentiment analysis solutions consider only the textual information of Twitter messages and cannot achieve satisfactory performance due to the unique characteristics of Twitter messages. Although recent studies have shown that patterns of feeling diffusion are closely related to the polarities of Twitter messages, existing approaches are essentially based only on textual information from Twitter messages, but ignore the dissemination of information about feelings. Inspired by the recent work on the fusion of knowledge of multiple domains, take a first step towards combining textual information and spreading feelings to geta better performance of Twitter’s sentiment analysis.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Prof. R Y Totare, Aishwarya Ahergawli, Abhijeet Girase, Ishwari Tale, Ayushi Khanbard. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.