A Study on Types of Cyber Crimes and Cyber Attacks Today

Abstract

With the increasing number of COVID-19 cases in the world and deaths worldwide has given a very worse condition to the whole world besides this covid pandemic there is also increase in number of Cyber-crimes and Cyber-attack of different types in the whole world. As Technology is advancing everyday there is a rise in Cyber-crime problem today, however security measures and prevention to protect this technology and the users of the technology is not advancing as quickly. So, the aim of this study is to understand and learn different types of Cybercrimes and Cyberattacks today in the world. It is important to prevent and to put awareness about the types of crimes and attacks. There are some protective procedures such as keep your software Up to date, Using of Anti-Virus Protection and also the use of Firewall, Continuously Changing Passwords and keep it as strong as can be, and also two step or multi step authentication should be done whenever necessary.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Cybercrime and cyberattack is the action that aims and uses a computer network, computer or any of the network device using all this harms or damages the organizations or person’s data or information and use it in the wrong way. All this malicious act is carried out by cybercriminals or hackers or any individual Cybercrime Organization, the aim of this Organization or Cybercriminals is to break the CIA Triad i.e., Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability of data. Because of todays digitalized and technologies-based environment, the world is becoming more and more sophisticated digitally and also sophisticated with internet connections so are the crimes are also increasing day by day. Increasing Crimes and attacks Forced government to make a Cyber Law so there is a need of Cyber law which will protect, prevent and give the safeguard to the data and information of an organization or of an individual. At that time the IT Act was established i.e. The Information Technology Act, 2000, also known as the IT Act, was enacted by the Indian Parliament on 17 October 2000. The Information Technology Act is based on the United Nations Electronic Commerce Model Act 1996 (UNCITRAL Model), which was proposed by the United Nations General Assembly in a resolution dated January 30, 1997. It is most vital law in India dealing with Cybercrimes and Attacks. The main determination of this act is to convey legal and honest electronic, digital and online transaction and give relieve or reduce cybercrimes. As COVID-19 increased and today everything done by online mode only there is an advantage to the hackers and cyber criminals as they are threating and attacking on the any global organization, a computer network or any system of an individual, and also the businesses at a time when cyber defenses might be lowered due the all focus on health crisis. Most of the Attacks like Malicious domains, Malware and Ransomware is going on and on during these days.

II.   LITERATURE SURVEY  

A. Types of Cyber Crimes and Cyber Attacks

1. Phishing- Phishing is a form of fraud that involves stealing information about your banking account card details E-mail.
2. Hacking- Hacking refers to activities that may attempt to break into a computer network through unauthorized access, including Inserting malicious content on your device (computer, laptop, smartphone, tablet). One more type of hacking is Hacktivists are identified as politically inspired hacktivists. White hat, gray hat and white hat are hackers.
3. Intellectual Property Crimes- Also recognized as IPR, intellectual property rights consist of many rights, with IPR. Copyright, patents, trademarks, trade secrets. Intellectual property law inspires inclusive-ranging formation and safety. Mutual types of intellectual property rights violations are also fake, piracy-breach. This includes theft works of art and literature and designs.
4. Spreading Virus- Viruses are lists that attach themselves to a computer and can mix inside the computer. These viruses can copy information from under siege computer systems and use it for various illegal purposes. There are various kinds of viruses, stealth viruses, polymorphic viruses, fast and slow infecting.
5. Carding- This is a type of fraud that uses stolen credit cards to pay for criminal or illegal activities. Without the knowledge of the credit card owner, it is also known as credit card smuggling.
6. Vishing (Voice Phishing)- Banking account card information is obtained by fraudsters using telephonic way.
7. Cyber stalking - In general, cyber stalling means the use of digital systems of computer systems and communications Even after a clear message of disinterest from a person trying to continue a personal interaction, Online harassment, slander, slander is included.
8. Internet Time Thefts- Internet time theft is another type of hacking in which a hacker gains access to your Internet services and the identity password for it without the knowledge of the person who pays for these internet hours.
9. Cracking- In general, cracking means stealing data, hacking into a computer to view sensitive information. A cracker is different from a hacker because it uses a backdoor in a program and then uses that backdoor to gain access on the other side hacker uses wide computer information and logic to avoid security.
10. E-Mail/SMS Spoofing- Email spoofing is an email that is sent through an address that is not valid or is false under the pretext. Someone else (fake), then this e-mail is used to mislead the recipient or to make false statements and dig information.
11. Cyber Squatting- This is an attempt to use an Internet domain name, or to use a brand name to its advantage of personal benefit. This is an attempt to represent a brand online without permission or consent.
12. Key Logger- It is a criminal act in which an individual's keyboard activity is recorded without his permission and awareness.
13. Online Job Fraud- It is an attempt to cheat people with false claim of providing employment with salaries using Internet resources.
14. Website Defacement- It is a Type of crime that changes the graphics of the website and do the post of images and messages which are vulgar in behaviour.

B. Types of Cyber Crimes and Attacks happen during COVID-19

1. Phishing of Emails - It is likely that phishing emails are on the growth. Cyber ??bullying actors will use COVID-19 phishing emails in an attempt to convince the recipient that they are either sensitive information (i.e., bank account information). Show, or just try to persuade the recipient to open a malicious link or attachment, potentially allowing them access to your system.

Phishing of Emails in issue to COVID-19 may contain issues such as:

a. Vaccine registration

b. Information about your vaccine coverage

c. Places where the people get the vaccines.

d. Ways you can save the vaccine.

e. Vaccine requirements

2. Ransomware

a. Much of this is ransomware, a complicated attack on an organization's data and systems. Meanwhile in the beginning of the pandemic, ransomware attacks had increased near to 500% since the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic.

b. What is particularly ridiculous about these attacks is that ransom demands often accompany the breach and extraction of company data, and simultaneous extortion threatens to release this data unless that no extra payment be made.

3. Malware - During this pandemic, Cybercriminals are spreading malware on devices. Criminals can create malware backdoor in user's devices through which cyber criminals take all personal credentials, passwords and all this is spreading by some online corona tracing maps.

4. Malicious Fields - Taking advantages of the rising demand for medical kit and data on COVID-19, there has been a major increase in cybercriminals registration domain names comprising keywords like "Corona Virus" or "COVID". These fake websites sponsor a different type of malicious activities, distribution of malware and phishing. From February to March 2020, malicious registrations, together with malware and phishing, increased by 569%, and high-risk registrations increased by 788%. Noticed with the help of private sector partner and also get reported.

5. Misinformation - The increasing amount of misinformation and fake news is spreading among the people. Unproven data, unsatisfactory alleged threats, and plan theories have formed unrest in groups and, in some cases, simplified cyber-attacks. About 30% of the countries that response to the worldwide cybercrime review confirmed the motion of false information about COVID-19.Within a month, one country reported 290 postings, maximum of which carried secreted malware. There are also reports of incorrect information being allied to the illegal trade in fake medical products. Other cases of misinformation contain scams via mobile text messages, with offers such as free food, special aids, or huge discounts in superstores being 'It's great to be honest'.

C. Precautions from Cybercrimes and Attacks during COVID-19 Pandemic

1. Prevention from Phishing of Emails

a. Under how the Phishing scam looks like.

b. Don’t click any link in the Email, and must install firewall.

c. Should get free anti-phishing add-ons.

d.  Do not put your personal information to any unknown website.

2. Prevention from Ransomware

a. Avoid opening suspicious attachments.

b. Keep your software up-to-date.

c. Have Windows Firewall on at all times and properly organized.

d. Use strong spam filters and verify users.

3. Prevention from Malware

a. Try to use endpoint security tool and network, also installation of anti-virus or anti-malware software and also the firewall.

b. Make use of encryption technique to secure the data during transport.

c. Make proper use of Secure Authentication Methods.

D. Analysis of Cybercrimes and Attacks during Pandemic

Conclusion

This study seeks to focus on current cyber threats COVID-19 among pandemics. This pandemic has seen maximum Internet usage. People from all parts of the world continued its communication, jobs and education with the help of internet. This pandemic has also given pressure, stress to all stages. With the help of internet stress is being reduced among the peoples at many levels. This pandemic has proved people can work, continue classes and all other activities by staying at home. Cybercriminals have taken advantage of this opportunity, taken advantage of this extensive use of the Internet by large numbers of people. Cyber security threats have increased a lot during these pandemics due to cyber unawareness Information of security. At every level, we should have a least knowledge of cyber security threats and possible cyber-attacks. Most of the affected area are Organization, Government and also non-government fields. Therefore, it is necessary to provide minimum knowledge on cyber security to save every employee from significant loss Information to cyber criminals. COVID-19 is just beginning. As we studied how these cybercrimes are affecting the whole world, the world may face such crimes attacks and problems in upcoming future. So, we have to plan for our future to fight with such attacks. We should all learn from this COVID-19 pandemics and can prepare themselves for its Cyber security should not be a problem in the future for the world.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Anushka Alok Lodh, Chetan Vijaykumar Dalave. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.