Use of Different Depth of Footing to Determine Extra Number of Floor Required in Given SBC of Soil

Abstract

— The construction of residential and commercial buildings has increased dramatically over the past two decades. A significant number of these buildings have been built in the central region such as Indore, Bhopal, Ujjain and others, and many more are planned or under construction. There are a number of design features that can significantly affect the design, including because the weight of a building increases with height, and thus the bearing capacity supported by the foundation can increase with the soil. Because the parameters vary from place to place or from different regions of the earth. These parameters need to be analyzed and evaluated. In these articles optimised number of floor can be evaluating by the analysis of a residential apartment having a plinth area taken as 625 m2. The project consist a building with plinth area of 875 sq. m. The optimization is taken by varying the different depth of foundation i.e. 1.2m, 1.9m, 2.6m, 3.3m and 4m for the constant SBC of soil. The modelling with foundation consideration is analyzed on software under the seismic response by response spectrum method with total different 05 model cases. The main aim of the project to find the number of floor required for different depth of footing with constant area in given SBC of soil under seismic zone III.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

The most important part of any structure is its substructure and foundation id the basic component of it. It takes on the load of the entire building, so it is important to design the building foundation correctly. The bearing capacity of the foundation and its subsidence are the main design problems. It takes a long time to determine the bearing capacity of the soil and soil settlement. The foundation is an integral part of the building; its stability determines the stability of the entire structure. It acts as a substrate through which the load is transferred to the ground or bedrock. The stability of the foundation depends on an accurate calculation based on the structural load of the building to which it is subjected, the geology of the area and the condition of the underground foundation. Foundations are divided into shallow and deep, depending on the depth to which the load is transferred from the structure to the ground. The definitions of shallow foundations vary from publication to publication. The bearing capacity issue is perhaps the most important of all aspects of geotechnical engineering. Structural loads are transferred to the foundation by load-bearing columns, walls or other load-bearing parts of the structure. The stability requirement ensures that the foundation is not loaded, and the deformation requirement ensures that the structural application is within the superstructure's tolerance. When data on soil properties (adhesion, angle of internal friction, density, etc.) is available, the Allowable Load Capacity can be calculated taking into account shear damage. A safety factor of three will be adopted.

The bearing capacity of the foundation is of paramount importance in the design of foundations. The load at which the cutting is destroyed is called the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation. Over the past two decades, there has been a significant increase in the construction of high-rise buildings. A significant number of these buildings were built in central areas such as Indore, Bhopal, etc., and many more were planned or under construction. There are several features of high-rise buildings that can significantly affect the design of the foundation, including the non-linear increase in the weight of the building with increasing height and therefore the vertical load from the foundation. might be great. Because the parameters differ between different places or areas of the earth's crust. Their main concerns were soil capacity and foundation depth. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the structure of the building to ensure consistency with data on soil, SBC soil, foundation depth, earthquake zones, wind parameters, etc.

II. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

The following objectives have been decided for public building:-

A. To obtain the number of floors required for given SBC of soil for constant area of footing at different depth of footing.

B. To obtain the minimum values of nodal displacement and base shear in both X and Z direction

C. To find maximum axial forces, shear force and bending moment in column.

D. To compare maximum shear forces, bending moments in beams.

The overall work is to compare the load required and load obtained by changing the depth of footing and changing the number of floors to obtain the result showing the number of floors required for given SBC of soil for constant area of footing at different depth of footing.

III. PROCEDURE AND 3D MODELLING OF THE STRUCTURE

Earthquake analysis is carried out using a G+7 Storey building by software approach. Total 5 models are created on the software and abbreviated as Case EN-L1. To Case EN-L5 respectively shown in table 1.1 below. The  analysis part consist of the effect on building under the different loads such as dead load, live load and lateral loads (earthquake) etc. into it based on software mechanism. The seismic data is taken as per the IS 1893(part-1):2016. The response spectrum analysis method is adopted for analysis of building.  

Table 1: Model Description                                                                          

IV. RESULTS ANALYSIS

The study consists of basically 5 multistorey buildings having different footing depths. To find out the number of floors required at a constant area of footing at different depths, manual analysis is also done by corresponding SBC of soil are as follows:-

Since we know that

Conclusion

After comparison of the various parameters over the building the conclusion can be pointed out are as follows:- A. Comparing the maximum nodal displacement in X and Z direction, when depth of the foundation increases from 1.2m to 4m, nodal displacement is also increases. B. The Base Shear values keep on decreasing as depth increases for both X and Z direction. C. Column Axial Forces keeps on decreasing from Case EN-L1 to Case EN-L5. The same trend of graph has been observed if the value of SBC increases, the value of axial forces decreases. D. The Shear Forces in column first decreases then it keeps on increases slowly. On comparing the Bending Moments in column, the value keeps on increasing. E. The Shear Forces in beam keeps on increasing when the depth of the footing increases. On comparing the Bending Moments in beams, again the same trend has shown and the value keeps on increasing. F. From Case EN-L1 to EN-L5 with selected floor level, there is increase in torsional moment values in both beams and column members. Overall it is observed that when the depth of the footing increases from 1.20 m to 4 m, the Safe Bearing capacity of soil is selected as the maximum of 343.21 KN/m2. Hence the load obtained is safe upto G+6 floors (Case EN-L1 to Case EN-L2) and no floors above it should be recommended. Again, the load obtained is safe upto G+7 floors (Case EN-L3 to Case EN-L5) should be recommended for selected site. Hence as per objectives, - The study of foundation with SBC of soil has been done on public building. - The analysis the structure both software and manual approach has done with safe load determination. - The model and analysis of the public building for the different depth cases of foundation has done and it has been found that from 1.2 m to 1.9 m, the public building can be made up to G+6 and from 2.6 m to 4 m, the public building can be made up to G+7. - The cases made for constant area of 5m x5m footing at different depth study approach when plate load test carried out at a particular area in Indore city. - The different parameters of building such as story displacement, shear force and bending moments, axial force etc. has been observed. - The strata profile beneath the ground at a particular place has taken for analysis and design of footing. - The no. floor required in given SBC of soil has observed for given report of SBC of soil has observed.

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Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Mr. Piyush Kumar Tripathi, Mr. Arvind Vishwakarma . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.