X-BAND Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna: Design, Simulation, and Analysis

Abstract

Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPA) have shown to be the most unusual finding in the era of downsizing, despite the fact that the revolution in antenna engineering has led to the rapidly expanding communication networks. The design, modeling, and analysis of rectangular microstrip patch antennas are all included in this study. The suggested patch antennas\' resonating frequency is 9 GHz, which falls inside the X band area. Ansys HFSS software was used to design them using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 material, which has a dielectric constant of 2.2. Five performance metrics were used to assess the suggested MPAs: return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, and HPBW. The requested information pertains to the measurements of return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and half power beamwidth (HPBW). The suggested antennas are suitable for use in radar, wireless, and satellite applications.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Researchers have been paying more attention to the design of microstrip patch antennas for wireless communication in recent years due to the growing need for compact antennas. Basically, antennas are specialized transducers that change energy from one form (RF fields to AC: receiver antenna) to another (AC to RF fields: transmitter antenna). Depending on their physical shape and intended use, antennas can be categorized into various of types.

The ground plane base of an MPA is covered by a patchy substrate with a relative permittivity of ?r. The patchy substrate may take on any form or size. These antennas are typically used at microwave frequencies and are created on printed circuit boards (PCBs) utilizing microstrip methods. Their tiny size is not their sole benefit; their simplicity of manufacture, affordability, lightweight nature, and conformance have all contributed to their widespread usage. In a variety of RF domains, microstrip patch antennas have gradually become more prevalent. [1].

The patch, which may have any shape but is most likely to be square, dipole, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, or circular, determines the kind of MPA. However, circular and rectangular microstrip patch antennas are the most often used [2]. The antenna is excited by feeding. Microstrip line, coaxial probe feed, proximity coupling, and aperture coupling are among the commonly used feeding methods [3]. We have used the microstrip line feeding technique.

The reason why the circular and rectangular shape microstrip patch antennas are so popular is that they provide various frequency operation, feed line flexibility, array design compatibility, and both gives linear or circular polarization [4].

IV. DISCUSSION

In addition to its modest size, the suggested rectangular MPA has good and improved return loss, VSWR, and HPBW values when compared to earlier X-Band research [6]. To make it function for a frequency of 9 GHz, we have chosen an extremely low value of dielectric constant (?r = 2.2) for the substrate because both bandwidth and resonating frequency are inversely proportional to the dielectric constant value.

Furthermore, a thin substrate (h = 1.6 mm) is used for improved gain, return loss, and bandwidth; this also results in a small, compact antenna size. As a result, we have designed the best antennas that exceed all previous requirements while staying within any practical limits. The suggested antennas can be applied to radar, satellite, and wireless systems.

Conclusion

This work proposes the design and simulation of a X-band rectangular MPA operating at a frequency of 9 GHz utilizing the microstrip line feeding technology. This is achieved with the help of software named HFSS. According to the study\'s findings, the suggested rectangular microstrip patch antenna performs better in terms of return loss, VSWR, and HPBW than it does in terms of bandwidth and gain.

References

[1] Indra Singh, V. S. Tripathi, “Microstrip Patch Antenna and its Application: a survey”, lnt. J. Comp. Tech. Appl. Vol 2(5), 1595-1599,2011 [2] Sumanpreet Kaur Sidhu, Jagtar Singh Sivia, “Comparison of Different Types of Microstrip Patch Antennas”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887), proceeding of International Conference of Advancements in Engineering and Technology (ICAET 2015). [3] Ramesh Garg, Prakash Bartia, Inder Bahl, Apisak Ittipiboon, “Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook”, 2001, pp 1-68, 253-316, Artech House Inc. Norwood, MA [4] Harmandeep Kaur, Er. Mandeep Kaur, “Design of Microstrip Patch Circular Antenna Using Microstrip Line Feed Technique”, International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), Volume 6 Issue X, Oct 2018. [5] Constantine A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design”, John Wiley & Sons, 4th edition, December 8, 2015. [6] Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna, A.K.M. Baki, “Comparative study of rectangular and circular microstrip patch antenna in X Band”, International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information and Communication Technology (ICEEICT) 2014. [7] Harshit Srivastava, Usha Tiwari “Design, Simulation & Analysis of Rectangular & Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications”, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019.

Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Kiran Katke, S. K. Popalghat. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.